外研社2024语言学导论（第二版）参考答案 Chapters 1-3.pdf

AnswerstoSelf-studyActivities

Chapter1Preliminaries

1.

1)Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

2)Arbitrarinessreferstothefactthatthereisnologicalorintrinsicconnection

betweenmeaningsandsounds,orbetweenthethingssignifiedandthewordsusedto

signifythem—betweenthesignifiedandthesignifier.

3)Duality:Languagehasatleasttwolevelsofstructure:minimalmeaninglessunits

andlarger,meaningfulunits.

4)Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.

5)Phoneticsisthescientificstudyofspeechsounds.Itstudieshowspeechsoundsare

articulated,transmitted,andreceived.

6)Phonologyisthestudyofhowspeechsoundsfunctioninalanguage.

7)Syntaxisthestudyofsentencestructure.Itdealswiththecombinationofwords

intophrases,clauses,andsentences.

8)Semanticsisabranchoflinguisticsthatisconcernedwiththestudyofmeaningin

allitsformalaspects.

9)Pragmaticscanbedefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuse.Itdealswithhow

speakersuselanguageinwaysthatcannotbepredictedfromlinguisticknowledgealone

andhowlistenersarriveattheintendedmeaningofspeakers.

10)Discourseanalysisisthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthe

contextsinwhichlanguageisused.

11)Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety:Howsocialfactors

influencethestructureanduseoflanguage.

12)Psycholinguisticsisthestudyofconnectionsbetweenlanguageandmind:the

mentalstructuresandprocesseswhichareinvolvedintheacquisition,comprehension,

andproductionoflanguage.

13)Stylisticsisthestudyofstyleinlanguage.

14)Corpuslinguisticsisanapproachtolinguisticdescriptionbasedonlarge

collectionsoftextsknownascorpora.

2.No