组织的经济学与管理学(英文)ch02 Positioning.pptVIP

组织的经济学与管理学(英文)ch02 Positioning.ppt

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Chapter2PositioningGeorgeHendrikseEconomicsandManagementofOrganisations:Co-ordination,MotivationandStrategy

Figure2.1:SchemeofthoughtPlayersChoicesPayoffsDescriptiveanalysisPrescriptiveanalysisDegreeofrationalityBehaviouralhypothesesEquilibriumTestablehypothesesAdviceBehaviouralassumptionsRulesInformationstructureProblem

Figure2.2:Behaviouralassumptionsandorganisationtheories

ViewsofthefirmTechnologicalContractual/judicialPsychologicalSociologicalBiologicalHolisticWhatisafirm?

GametheoryAunifiedanalyticalstructureforstudyingallsituationsofconflictandcooperationorAtoolformodellingmultipersondecisionsituations

Non-cooperativegametheoryAnon-cooperativegameconsistsof5ingredients: PlayersActionsPayoffsInformationstructureRulesofthegame

1.PlayersNumberofplayersTypesGovernmentFirmConsumerCountryStudentPoliticalparty

2.Actions/strategiesEnvironmentalpollutiongamePCIINNFirmGovernmentInspect?Pollute?

ThegametreeANodeindicatesthataplayerhastomakeadecision.ABranchrepresentsachoiceoraction.

Possiblechoices/actions:Firm:PandCGovernment:IandN

StrategyAspecificationofanaction/choiceforeachpossiblehistory/contingency/situationwhichmightoccur,giventheinformationstructure.orSpecificationofanaction/choiceforeachobservablehistoryofthegame.

Possiblestrategiesofthegovernmentare:(I,I)(I,N)(N,I)(N,N)Possiblestrategiesofthefirmare:PC

3.PayoffsEnvironmentalpollutiongameCostsofinspection2Benefitofpollutionforfirm:4Feefordetectingpollution:5

PCIINNFirmGovernmentInspect?Pollute?-13400-200PayofffirmPayoffGovernmentWhatwillhappenintheenvironmentalpollutiongame?

EquilibriumNashequilibrium:apayoffmaximisingstrategyforeachplayer,giventhechoiceofstrategyofallotherplayers.

GamerepresentationsExtensiveform:treediagramStrategicform:matrix

Environmentalpollutiongameinstrategicform

DeterminingN

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