第五章 小区域平面控制测量 Horizontal Control Surveying- 陈昀琳-1726402325866.pptx

第五章小区域平面控制测量HorizontalControlSurveyingTeacher：陈昀琳

What’sthecontrolsurveying?Thepurposeofcontrolsurveyingistoprovidereferencepointstodeterminehorizontalpositionsofarbitrary(任意的)pointsontheEarthssurfaceandelevationofthepointson,aboveorbelowareferencesurface.Acontrolnetworkiscomposedofasetofreferencepointsofknowngeospatialcoordinates.Thehigher-ordercontrolpointsarenormallyestablishedinspacebyusingglobalorspacepositioningtechniques,andusedforlower-ordercontrolpointstobeconnectedinto.Thelower-ordercontrolpointsarenormallyusedforengineering,constructionandnavigation.Controlnetworksaregenerallydividedintohorizontal(X,Y)andvertical(Z)controlnetwork.Acontrolnetworkwithveryaccuratepositionsbutnoelevationsiscalledahorizontalcontrolnetwork,orwithveryaccurateelevationsbutnopositionsiscalledaverticalcontrolnetwork.Somereferencepointsinacontrolnetworkmayhavebothaccuratehorizontalpositionsandelevations.

平面控制网的建立方法1.三角测量法TriangulationαABDABAB(XA,YA)2.导线测量TraverseαABAB(XA,YA)3.三边测量法Trilateration4.边角同测法

小区域平面控制网的布设1.首级平面控制网通常采用三角网或导线网的方法布设。2.图根平面控制网通常采用导线测量、小三角测量和交会法布设，是在首级控制网基础上对控制点的进一步加密。图根控制网中的控制点称为“图根点”，它的密度应满足测图的需要。图根控制测量的特点：范围小、边长短、精度要求低

Introduction导线测量（Traversing）1.全站仪数据采集（Totalstationdatacollection）2.

PART1导线测量（Traversing）导线traverse——测区内相邻控制点连成直线而构成的连续折线。导线测量——在地面上按一定要求选定一系列的点依相邻次序连成折线，并测量各线段的边长和转折角,再根据起始数据确定各点平面位置的测量方法。AsurveytraverseisaseriesoflengthsanddirectionsoflinesbetweenpointsontheEarth,obtainedbyorfromfieldangleanddistancemeasurements,andusedindetermininghorizontalpositionsofthepoints.Theanglesaremeasuredusingtheodoliteortotalstation,whereasthedistancesaremeasuredusingEDMinstrument,totalstation,ortape.主要用于带状地区、隐蔽地区、城建区、地下工程、公路、铁路等控制点的测量。

Theformoftraverse01导线的布设形式：附合导线、闭合导线、支导线AB1DC23AB12345附合导线connectingtraverse闭合导