效应quantum mechanics-2量子力学.pptx

11.3Comptoneffect

X-raysimpinges(冲击,撞击)onmatter,someoftheradiationisscattered(散射),justasthevisiblelightfallingonaroughsurfaceundergoesdiffusereflection(漫射，diffusion).Scatteredradiationhassmallerfrequencyandlongerwavelengththantheincidentradiation.Thewavelengthofscatteredradiationdependsonthescatteredangleφ.

ClassicalexplanationBasedontheclassicalprinciples,thescatteringmechanismisinducedbythemotionofelectronsinthematerial,causedbytheincidentradiation.Thismotionmusthavethesamefrequencyasthatofincidentwavebecauseofforcedvibration,andsothescatteredwaveradiatedbytheoscillatingchargesshouldhavethesamefrequency.Thereisnoreasonthatthefrequencycanbeshiftedbythismechanism.

··P?0,p0?pφQuantumexplanationThequantumtheory,bycontrast,providesabeautifullysimpleexplanation.SchematicdiagramofComptonscattering.

Quantumexplanation:modelThescatteringprocessistakenasacollisionoftwoparticles,theincidentphotonandanelectronatrest.Thephotongivesupsomeofitsenergyandmomentumtotheelectron,whichrecoilsasaresultofthisimpact;andthefinalphotonhaslessenergy,smallerfrequencyandlongerwavelengththantheinitialone.

TheoreticalderivationSupposethat?0and?arethewavelengthoftheincidentandscatteredradiation,respectively.TheComptoneffectcouldbedescribedbythefollowingprocedures:Usingrelativistictheory;Energyconservation;Momentumconservation;

Thekeypointsofderivationprocedure:(1)Relativistictheory:Whenm0=0,themomentumisequalto

(2)EnergyconservationForelectron,wehave(1)(2)Wherep=mV

(3)Themomentumconservationh/?h/?0mV?Andweknow:(3)

(4)Squaring(1),wehave(5)(4)-(5)(1)

Theaboveequationcanberewrittenas(6)

wherem0istheelectronmass.calledComptonwavelength.(7)(8)

Lightshowsthepropertyofwavesinitsinterferenceanddiffracti