材料力学07-应力变换.ppt

StressTransformation07

IntroductionFromTopicOne,weknowthatthemostgeneralstateofstressatapointmayberepresentedby6components,Ifwerotatethecoordinatesystem,adifferentsetofstresscomponentsthesamestressstatewillbeobtainedfortheSAMESTRESSSTATE.Weneedtodeterminetherelationsbetweenthestresscomponentsinthexyzsystemandthoseinthex′y′z′system,anddeterminethemaximumstresscomponents.Whichsetofstresscomponentswillbeusedindesignandanalysis?Isthereacoordinatesysteminwhichsomestresscomponentsachievemaximum?2

PlaneStressGeneralStressesPlaneStress-stateofstressinwhichtwofacesofthecubicelementarefreeofstress.Fortheillustratedexample,thestateofstressisdefinedbyPlaneStressThestresstransformationforgeneralstressesisprettycomplicated.Wewillbefocusingonaspecialcase–planestress.3

TransformationofPlaneStress:IntroductionInthistopic,wewillinvestigatethestresstransformationofplanestressindifferentcoordinatesystems,andtodeterminethemaximumstresses.Toinvestigatethestresstransformation,wecanconsidertheequilibriumofaportion(acorner)ofthesquareelement,asshown.Thefacesofthisprismaticelementareperpendiculartothex,y,andx’axes.(a)StressStatus(b)Geometry4

TransformationofPlaneStressFromtheequilibriumofthetriangular-shapedelement,wehaveSimplifyingtheaboveequationstogivethefollowingstresstransformationrelationsforplanestressPositiveshearstress:Counterclockwise5

s1s1s2s212PrincipalStressesPrincipalStresses:dsx’/dq=0StressTransforma-tionPurposeToobtainthemaximumnormalstress.Twoanglesqp1andqp2aredefined.qp1andqp2are90?apart,i.e., |qp1?qp2|=90?Wedon’tknowsmaxorsminisforqp1orqp2.6

PrincipalStresses:ProcedurePrincipalStressesProcedureTwoprincipalstressesandtwoprincipalplanes:whichplaneissubjecttosmaxorsmin?Calculateqp1