没有不做功的力--马德堡半球实验、举重运动消耗的卡路里及辐射压公式.docx

没有不做功的力--马德堡半球实验、举重运动消耗的卡路里及辐射压公式

管克英

北京交通大学理学院，数学系

Email：keying.guan@

Abstract:?Thispaperpointsoutthatthecombinationofthelawofconservationofenergyandthelawofconservationofmomentumimpliesanimportantlawthatisoftenignoredbecauseitisnotobviouswhenitcomestostaticforceproblems,thatis,thereisnoforcethatdoesnotdowork.Thislawcanbepreciselyexpressedasforceisequivalenttopower,thatis,everynewtonofforceactingonmaterialisequivalenttooutputting1wattofpower.ThislawisreflectednotonlyintheMagdeburghemisphereexperiment,butalsointhecaloriesconsumedbyweightlifters,andalsointheplasticdeformation,heatgeneration,fatigue,andfracturedegreeoftheextruded(orstreched)materialperunittime.Ignoringthisrulewillresultinmisjudgmentofpracticalproblems.Forexample,manypeoplemistakenlybelievethatapersonwhoisstandingandcarryingaweightisnotdoingworkwhenheisnotpushingtheweighthigherfurther,etc.,soheconsumesthesameamountofphysicalenergyasifhewerenotcarryingtheweight.SuchmisjudgmentsaremoreseriouslyreflectedintheMaxwell-Bartoliradiationpressureformula(includingKr?nigspressureformulaforidealgas)withreflectioncoefficientsinmodernphysicalsciencetheories.Thisformulaerroneouslypredictsthattheradiationpressureonthesurfaceofthestronglyreflectivematerialwithasmallabilitytoreceiveradiationisgreaterthantheradiationpressureonthesurfaceoftheweaklyreflectivematerialwithalargeabilitytoreceiveradiation.ThispredictionbothcontradictstheexperimentalfactsoftheCrookesradiometerandgrosslyunderestimatesCrookesscientificcontributions.Usingtheaboverules,thispapernotonlygivesthemechanicalestimationofthecaloriesconsumedbyweightliftersinaweightliftingactivity,butalsofurther,comprehensivelyusesthemethodsofthermodynamicsandstatisticalphysicsan