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WhatisStatistics?Chapter1
1-2GOALSUnderstandwhywestudystatistics.Explainwhatismeantbydescriptivestatisticsandinferentialstatistics.Distinguishbetweenaqualitativevariableandaquantitativevariable.Describehowadiscretevariableisdifferentfromacontinuousvariable.Distinguishamongthenominal,ordinal,interval,andratiolevelsofmeasurement.
1-3WhyStudyStatistics?NumericalinformationiseverywhereStatisticaltechniquesareusedtomakedecisionsthataffectourdailylivesNomatterwhatyourcareer,youwillmakeprofessionaldecisionsthatinvolvedata
1-4WhatisMeantbyStatistics? Statisticsisthescienceofcollecting,organizing,presenting,analyzing,andinterpretingnumericaldatatoassistinmakingmoreeffectivedecisions. 统计学是一门对数据进行收集、整理、展示、分析和解释，以帮助做出更有效决策的学科。
1-5WhoUsesStatistics? Statisticaltechniquesareusedextensivelybymarketing,accounting,qualitycontrol,consumers,professionalsportspeople,hospitaladministrators,educators,politicians,physicians,etc...
1-6TypesofStatistics–DescriptiveStatisticsDescriptiveStatistics-Methodsoforganizing,summarizing,andpresentingdatainaninformativeway.EXAMPLE1:Thereareatotalof42,796milesofinterstatehighwaysintheUnitedStates.Theinterstatesystemrepresentsonly1percentofthenation’stotalroadsbutcarriesmorethan20percentofthetraffic.EXAMPLE2:AccordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics,theaveragehourlyearningsofconstructionworkerswere$20.60forFebruary2007.InferentialStatistics:Themethodsusedtoestimateapropertyofapopulationonthebasisofasample.
1-7PopulationversusSampleApopulationistheentiresetofindividualsorobjectsofinterestorthemeasurementsobtainedfromallindividualsorobjectsofinterest.Asampleisaportion,orpart,ofthepopulationofinterest
1-8TypesofVariablesA.QualitativeorAttributevariable-thecharacteristicbeingstudiedisnonnumeric. EXAMPLES:
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