电化学其他课件.pptx

Fundamentalsof

Electrochemistry;1??Basicelectrochemicaldevices

(Electrochemicalreactors)

Twokindsofelectrochemicaldevices:

Galvaniccell

Electrolyticcell

Thebasiccomponentsofcells:

anode（阳极）

cathode（阴极）

electrolyte（电解质）;Anode:positivechargefromelectrodeintosolution(oxidation)

Cathode:positivechargefromsolutiontoelectrode(reduction)

;Electrode:

workingelectrode

(WE)A

counterelectrode

(CE)B

referenceelectrode

(RE)C;Somecommontypesofelectrodeprocesses;Electronicconductors

andionicconductors;(2)Ionicconductors(thesecondconductors)

Electrolyte:

Asubstancepresentinsolutionorinameltwhichisatleastpartlyintheformofchargedspecies----ions.

Propertiesofelectrolyticsolution

(seepp51-54)

a)??Electricmigrationandtransportnumber

Electricmigration（电迁移）:themovementofchargedspeciesduetoapotentialgradient

;Ionicmobility（离子淌度）:thespeedofionsunderaunitfieldstrength,m2s-1V-1

Transportnumberti（迁移数）:thefractionofthecurrentcarriedbytheioni

ti=Qi/∑Qi=Ii/∑Ii

supportingelectrolyte(foreignelectrolyte)（支持电解质或局外电解质）;b)?Conductanceandconductivity

Conductance（电导）;;c)Activityandactivitycoefficient

activity（活度）

a+=γ+m+ora-=γ-m-

whereγ+,γ-aretheactivitycoefficientsforthepositiveandnegativeionsrespectivelyandm+,m-aretheremolalities.

meanionicactivity

a±=γ±m±

meanactivitycoefficientγ±(seep54Tab1.5);4.Faraday’slawsofelectrolysis;5.Electromotiveforce(EMF)andElectrodepotential;(a)Whatiselectrodepotential

Therearemanytypesofinterfacesincells:

Metal/electrolytesolution

Metal/metal

Electrolytesolution/electrolytesolution

Solutionoflower