难溶强电解质的形成和溶解.pptx

第四节难溶强电解质旳形成与溶解

Sectionfour

Theprecipitation-dissolutionequilibriumofinsoluble-strongelectrolyte;keyquestions：

Howtodetermineiftheprecipitationfromationcantakeplace?

Howtomakethedesiredionsinasolutiontobepletelyprecipitated?

Howtomakethedifferentionsinasolutionstepwiselyprecipitatedandseparated?;insoluble-strongelectrolyte：withalowsolubilitybutallmoleculesdisolvedinwaterdissociated.;1.definition：;equilibriumconstantKsp;Toaninsoluble-strongelectrolyteAaBb;Itisimportanttodistinguishcarefullybetweensolubilityandsolubilityproduct.?

Thesolubilityofasubstanceisthequantitythatdissolvestoformasaturatedsolution.?Solubilityisoftenexpressedasgramsofsoluteperliterofsolution（g/L）.?Themolarsolubilityisthenumberofmolesofthesolutethatdissolveinformingaliterofsaturatedsolutionofthesolute（mol/L）.?

Thesolubilityproductconstantistheequilibriumconstantfortheequilibriumbetweenanionicsolidanditssaturatedsolution.?

Thesolubilityofasubstancechangesastheconcentrationofothersoluteschange.?Incontrastthesolubilityproductforagivensoluteisconstantataspecifictemperature.;溶度积和溶解度都可体现难溶电解质在水

中旳溶解能力旳大小，它们之间有内在联络，

在一定条件下，能够直接进行换算。;?Example1?

TheKspforCaF2is3.9×10-11at25oC.?WhatisthemolarsolubilityofCaF2inwater??

Firstsetupanequilibriumtableandletx=[Ca2+](andthemolarsolubilityofCaF2)

?

Concentrations(M)CaF2(s)?==Ca2+(aq)+2F-aq)

Starting00

Change+x+2x

Equilibriumx2x?

Ksp=[Ca2+][F-]2?=(x)(2x)2=4x3=3.9×10-11?

x=(3.9×10-11/4)1/3=2.1x10-4mol/L;AssumeS(mol·L－1)isthesolubilityofaninsolube-electrolyteAaBb;Eg.Whenat298K，Given:;resolve：put