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HydrofluoricAcidSafetyPamKoontzEnvironmentalHealthSafetyUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville
WhatisHydrofluoricAcid?Hydrofluoricacidisa“weak”inorganicacid.Primarilyusedinindustrialprocesses:glassetching,metalcleaning,laboratoryreagents,etc.Canbefoundinhouseholdproducts:rustremovers,automotivedetailingproducts,stainremovers.
HydrofluoricAcid–Chemical
PropertiesClear,colorlessliquid.Densitysimilartowater.Distinctabilitytodissolveglass.Mayformexplosivelevelsofhydrogenuponcontactwithmanymetals.Itwillattackglazes,enamels,pottery,concrete,andleather.ACGIHceilinglimitandOSHATWAis3PPM
DangersofHydrofluoricAcidHydrofluoricAcidisoneofthemostdangerousacidsknown.ItneedstobetreateddifferentlythanevenstrongacidslikeSulfuricandHydrochloric.HydrofluoricAcidisanacidlikenoother.Itissopotentthatcontactwithitmaynotevenbenoticeduntillongafterseriousdamagehasbeendone.Evenverystrongacids,andmixturesofacids,likeAquaForteandAquaRegia,donothavethepowertocausedeathandinjuryinthewaythatHydrofluoricAcidcan.
WhyisHFsoDangerous?HFhastwomechanismsthatcausetissuedamage:CorrosiveBurnsfromfreehydrogenionsChemicalBurnsfromtissuepenetrationofthefluorideion.Fluorideionspenetrateandforminsolublesaltswithcalciumandmagnesium.Solublesaltsarealsoformedwithothercationsbutdissociaterapidly.Consequently,fluorideionsrelease,andfurthertissuedestructionoccurs.
HydrofluoricAcidvsOtherAcidsHydrofluoricacid(HF)differsfromotheracidsbecausethefluorideionreadilypenetratestheskin,causingdestructionofdeeptissuelayers,includingbone.PainassociatedwithexposuretosolutionsofHF(1-50%)maybedelayedfor1-24hours.IfHFisnotrapidlyneutralizedandthefluorideionbound,tissuedestructionmaycontinuefordaysandresultinlimblossordeath.HFissimilartootheracidsinth
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