Alevel-AS生物学Biology-Transport-in-mammals优质课件可编辑.pptx

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2024-11-14 发布于江苏
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Alevel-AS生物学Biology-Transport-in-mammals优质课件可编辑.pptx

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Section1DiseasesandphysiologyChapter8TransportinmammalsCirculatorysystem=YOUNEEDTOTAKENOTE

OutlineOverviewofcardiovascularsystemBloodandLymphHeartandThecardiaccycleBloodvesselHaemoglobinandGastransport

CardiovascularsystemCharacteristics:Blood–totransportdissolvedgases,nutrientsandwasteproductsaroundthebodyBloodvessels–inwhichthebloodflowsaroundthebodyHeart–pumpsbloodaroundthebodyValves–ensurebloodpumpsinonlyonedirection.Closedblood(circulatory)system:Thebloodremainsenclosedandcirculatesinasystemoftubescalledbloodvessels.Veryeffectivetransportsystem.Itallowsbloodtotravelrapidlyunderhighpressuretowhereveritisneeded.

CloseddoublecirculationanddoublecirculatorysystemSystemiccirculationPulmonarycirculationleftventricleaortaarteries–capillaries–veins(allpartsofbodyexceptthelungs)venacavarightatriumrightventriclepulmonaryarteries–capillaries–pulmonaryveinsleftatriumDoublecirculatorysystem=systemiccirculation+pulmonarycirculation

BloodvesselsTypesofbloodvesselsArteriestakebloodawayfromtheheartVeinscarrybloodtowardstheheartCapillariesconnectthearterialandvenoussystemsandaresitesofexchangebetweenthebloodandtissues.

StructureofbloodvesselsTunicaintima(innerlayer)Tunicamedia(middlelayer)Tunicaadventitia(outerlayer)Endothelium:squamousendothelialcellsSubendotheliallayer:loosetissueInternalelasticmembraneElasticfibres(largeartery)SmoothmusclesinsertwithelasticandcollagenLoosetissue:elasticfibresandcollagen(aorta)Externalelasticmembrane(elasticprotein)

Arteries

AortaandarteriolesAortaCharacteristicsThelargestarteryThethickestwallthatprovidegreatstrengthandresilience.Thetunicahaslargeamountofelasticfibreswhichallowthewalltostretchaspulsesofbloodsurgethroughathighpressure.ArteriolesCharacteristicsWallshavegreatproportionofsmoothmusc