第三讲：词义关系(完整版)PPT课件.pptxVIP

Review:Identifythetypeofwordformation:1.information,commercials?Informercials2.Babysitter ?babysit3.Demi+god?Demigod4.Do+able?doable5.Acatalogue ?tocatalogue6.Drama+comedy?dramedy7.Game+pad?gamepad8.mike?microphone9.super+structure?superstructure10.p.c.?postcard=Blending=Back-formation=Prefixation=Suffixation=Conversion=Blending=Compound=Clipping=affixation=initialism

Lecture3

Semantics:SenseRelationsPolysemyHomonymySynonymyAntonymyHyponymySemanticFieldByPsyche一词多义关系同形同音异义关系同义关系反义关系上下义关系语义场

PolysemyP135Polesemymeansthatonesinglewordhastwoormoresensesatthesametime.ThebulkofEnglishwordsarepolysemantic;TheentrywiththelargestnumberofmeaningsintheOEDisverb“get”,withmorethan150meanings.one-meaningwordsarerare,likepropernames,scientificterms.

Radiation辅射型theprocessinwhichtheprimaryorcentralmeaningstandsatthecenterwhilederivative/secondarymeaningsradiatefromitineverydirectionlikerays.ProcesstoPolysemy:

18910131210823456711

(1)thatpartofmanoranimaljoiningtheheadtothebody;

(2)thatpartofthegarment;

(3)theneckofananimalusedasfood;

(4)anarrowpartbetweentheheadandbodyorbaseofanyobject;

(5)thenarrowestpartofanything:bottle,land,straitofchannel;

neck

Concatenation连锁型themeaningofawordmovesgraduallyawayfromitsoriginalsenseasaresultofsuccessivesemanticchangestill,inmanycases,thereisnotatraceofconnectionbetweenthesensethatisfinallydevelopedandtheprimarysense.ProcesstoPolysemy:

A→A+B→B+C

A:apersoninwhite

A+B:awhite-robedseekerforoffice

B+C:anapplicantforofficeorapersontakinganexam.Forexample:candidate

treacleA:concerningwildbeastsA+B:remedyforawildbeast’sbiteB+C:antidoteorremedyforpoisonC+D:remedyintheformofsyrupD+E:syrup

Homonymy:Brai