健康公平：医疗人工智能中的偏见与治理.pdf

医学高新技术伦理

医学与哲学2024

年4

月第45

卷第

7

期总第738期

健康公平：医疗人工智能中的偏见与治理*

1111

仝媛媛郑婉婷黄珊蓉朱玲

摘要：健康公平是指所有人都能够享受公平的健康机会和资源分配，不受个人特征或社会地位的影响，而人工智能技术可以提

高实现健康公平的可能性。医疗人工智能（artificial

intelligence，AI）可以实现更准确、高效和全面的诊断和治疗，为患者提供更

公平的医疗服务。然而，医疗AI也可能造成一些潜在的公平问题，某些群体可能无法享受到公平的健康机会和资源分配，使

得一些弱势群体无法获得应有的健康保障和资源，导致健康不平等的加剧。确保医疗AI的训练数据的多样性和代表性，加强

对算法的监督和审查，是保障医疗AI公平性的重要方法，通过消除偏见，医疗AI才能促进健康公平。

关键词：人工智能，健康公平，算法偏见，人为偏见

中图分类号：R-05文献标识码：A文章编号：1002-0772(2024)07-0036-06

DOI：10.12014/j.issn.1002-0772.2024.07.08

11

HealthEquity:BiasesandGovernanceinMedicalArtificialIntelligenceTONGYuanyuan,

ZHENGWanting,

HUANGShan-

11

rong,

ZHULing．1.

InstituteofInformationonTraditionalChineseMedicine,ChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences,Beijing

100700,China

Abstract：Health

equity

refers

to

the

equal

access

and

distribution

of

health

opportunities

and

resources

for

all

individuals,

regardless

of

personal

characteristics

or

social

status.

Artificial

intelligence

(AI)

technology

has

the

potential

to

enhance

the

achievement

of

health

equity.

Medical

AI

can

enable

more

accurate,

efficient,

and

comprehensive

diagnosis

and

treatment,

providing

fairer

healthcare

services

to

patients.

However,

medical

AI

may

also

pose

potential

fairness

issues,

as

certain

groups

may

be

unable

to

access

equitable

health

opportunities

and

resource

allocation,

leading

to

a

worsening

of

health

inequalities

and

disadvantaged

groups

not

receiving

the

necessary

health

security

and

resources.

Ensurin