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PaperoftheMonth-#SMALPS
YourliterarysummersnackforSeptemberishere.Joinusaswediveintotheexcitingrealmsofinvitrofluorescencestudiesofmembraneproteins.Knowntobeaverychallengingfield,butnewtechniquesareemerging.
The?research?wasconductedinthe?ImperialiLab,situatedattheMIT,byJean-MarieSwiecicki,JordanTylerSantana,andthenamesakeBarbaraImperiali,whoaremembersofthedepartmentsofbiology,physicsandchemistry.
Thechallengingnatureofmembraneproteins
Membraneproteinsareubiquitousandplayacrucialroleinthecellularprocessesofalllivingsystems(Fig.1).Theyarethefirstpointofinteractionbetweencellsandtheirsurroundingssincetheyarelocatedatthecellsedge.Assuch,theymediatehowcellssenseandengagewiththeirenvironment,conversewithoneanother,andstrictlyregulatewhatentersandexitsthecell.Notsurprisingly,theyarealsothelinchpinofthepharmaceuticalindustry.Althoughtheyrepresentaboutathirdoftheknownhumanprotein-codinggenes,theyaretargetedbyroughly60%ofthecurrentlyapproveddrugs.Unfortunately,atparwiththeirbiomedicalvalueisthedifficultyofcharacterizingthem.
Theirstudyprovestobechallengingduetotheirhydrophobicnatureandsensitivitytosurroundingnativeenvironments.Sofar,traditionaldetergent-basedmethodsofteninvolvedthedetachmentoftheseproteinsfromtheirnativeenvironment,whichcanaltertheirstructureandfunction,andwhichisatime-consumingprocess.Toaddressthisissue,Swiecicki,Santana,andImperialiintroduceastrategictechniqueforfluorescenceimagingthatallowsthevisualizationofmembraneproteinswhilemaintainingtheirnative-likeenvironment.
Fig.1:Membraneproteinsinsidethecellmembrane.Onlythisnativeenvironmentensurescompletelythatthemembraneproteinsarefoldedcorrectlyandthusarefunctional.Hydrophobicsurfaceareasoftheprotein
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