《医学微生物学》经胃肠道感染的病毒-教学课件（非AI生成）.ppt

*1969年，美国加利福尼亚州。医学研究者从患有中枢神经系统疾病的婴儿粪便标本中，分离出一些病毒毒株，在电子显微镜下，这些病毒与已知的普通肠病毒无异。但是，在其后进行的试验中，研究者发现，之前对已知肠病毒的对抗方法，对这种新发现的病毒并不完全有效。

鉴于这种情况，1970年，研究者将该病毒，视为一种新型肠病毒，命名为肠病毒71型(Human?enterovirus?71，简称EV71)。1997In1997,31childrendiedinanoutbreakintheMalaysianstateofSarawak.1998In1998,therewasanoutbreakinTaiwan,affectingmainlychildren.[4]Therewere405severecomplications,and78childrendied.[5]Thetotalnumberofcasesinthatepidemicisestimatedtohavebeen1.5million.[5]2006In2006,7peoplediedinanoutbreakinKuching,Sarawak(accordingtotheNewStraitsTimes,March14)[3].In2006,afteranoutbreakofChikungunyainsouthernandsomewesternpartsofIndia,casesofHFMDwerereported.[6]2008AnoutbreakinChina,beginninginMarchinFuyang,Anhui,leadto25,000infections,and42deaths,byMay13.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13].SimilaroutbreakswerereportedinSingapore(morethan2,600casesasofApril20,2008)[1],Vietnam(2,300cases,11deaths)[14],Mongolia(1,600cases)[15],andBrunei(1053casesfromJune-August2008)[16]200917childrendiedinanoutbreakinduringMarchandApril2009inChinaseasternShandongProvince,and18childrendiedintheneighboringHenanProvince.[17]Outof115,000reportedcasesinChinafromJanuarytoApril,773weresevereand50werefatal.[18]InIndonesia,wherethediseaseisoftencalledSingaporeaninfluenzaorfluSingapura,[19]thediseasewasreportedintheJakartaarea,startingwitheightyoungchildren.[20]BylateApril,Jakartanhealthagencieswerewarningcommunityhealthcentersandadvocatingpreventivesteps,includingtheuseofthermalscannersinairportsandavoidingtraveltoSingapore.[21]**(previouslyclassifiedasechoviruses22and23)*Thevironofpoliovirusconsistsofacapsidshellof60subunits,eachoffourproteinsVP1-VP4arrangedwithicosahedralsymmetryaroundagenomemadeupofasinglestrandofpositive-senseRNA.