电能输送与负载获得的最大功率-Electric Power.pptx

电能输送与负载获得的最大功率ElectricPowerTransmissionandMaximumPowerObtainedbytheLoad

I.最大功率传输定理MaximumPowerTransferTheorem设一负载RL接于电压型电源上，若该电源的电压US保持规定值和串联电阻RS不变，负载RL可变，则当RL=RS时，负载RL可获得最大功率。SupposealoadRLisconnectedtoavoltage-typepowersource.IfthevoltageUSofthepowersourceremainsconstant,andtheseriesresistanceRSisconstantwhiletheloadRLisvariable,thentheloadRLobtainsthemaximumpowerwhenRL=RS.

证明：如图所示，负载RL消耗的功率为Proof:Asshowninthediagram,thepowerconsumedbytheloadRLis取P对RL的导数，并令它等于零，即TakingthederivativeofPwithrespecttoRLandsettingitequaltozero:I.最大功率传输定理MaximumPowerTransferTheorem

根据以上表达式，应有Accordingtotheaboveexpression,itshouldbe解得SolvingforRL,wegetRL=RS又由于Andsince所以，当RL=RS时负载获得的功率最大。功率的最大值为Therefore,theloadobtainsmaximumpowerwhenRL=RS.Themaximumvalueofpoweris当RL=RS时，称为负载与电路匹配，或称最大功率匹配。WhenRL=RS,itisreferredtoasloadmatchingwiththecircuitormaximumpowermatching.I.最大功率传输定理MaximumPowerTransferTheorem

1.电力电路PowerCircuits传输的功率大，要求效率高，不工作在匹配状态。Transmittinglargepowerdemandshighefficiencyandoftenoperatesoutsidethematchingcondition.2.电子电路ElectronicCircuits输送的功率小，不考虑效率问题，常设法达到匹配状态，使负载获得最大功率。Transmittingsmallpower,notconsideringefficiencyissues,oftenstrivestoachievematchingconditionstomaximizetheloadpower.II.实际电能输送的匹配MatchinginActualElectricPowerTransmission?电路的效率η?

[例]如图(a)所示电路，设负载RL可变，问RL为多大时它可获得最大功率?此时最大功率Pmax为多少?[Example]Inthecircuitshownin(a),withtheloadRLvariable,whatvalueofRLallowsittoobtainthemaximumpower?WhatisthemaximumpowerPmaxatthispoint?III.最大功率传输定理的应用及注意事项ApplicationandConsiderationsoftheMaximumPowerTransferTheorem

解：根据最大功率传输定理，必须首先将RL以外的线性有源二端网络等效为戴维南电源。Solution:AccordingtotheMaximumPowerTransferTheorem,wemustfirstequivalentlyrepresentthelinearactivetwo-terminalnetworkoutsideRLasTheveninsequivalent.当RL=R0(即等效RS)时可获得最大功率。Themaximumpo