2012-2019年丘成桐大学生数学竞赛决赛Applied Math and Computational Math(Individual).pdf

INDIVIDUALTEST/ORALEXAM

S.-TYAUCOLLEGEMATHCONTESTS2012

AppliedandComputationalMathematics

1.Letf(x)definedon[0,1]beasmoothfunctionwithsufficiently

manyderivatives.xi=ih,whereh=1andi=0,1,···,Nare

N

uniformlydistributedpointsin[0,1].Whatisthehighestintegerk

suchthatthenumericalintegrationformula

(1)

N−2

1

IN=a(f(x)+f(x))+a(f(x)+f(x))+f(x)

00N11N−1i

N

i=2

isk-thorderaccurate,namely

1

k

(2)IN−f(x)dx≤Ch

0

foraconstantCindependentofh?Pleasedescribetheprocedureto

obtainthetwoconstantsa0anda1forthisk.

2.TheclassicalEuclideanAlgorithmtofindthegreatestcommondi-

visorgcd(m,n)oftwopositiveintegersmnrequiresonlyO(logn)

arithmeticoperation.However,itusesdivisionwithareminder,which

isaratherslowoperation.Yourtaskistodesignandanalyzea

division-freealgorithm.

Moreprecisely,usingthatfornon-zerointegerskandlwehave

gcd(2k,2l)=2gcd(k,l),

gcd(2k+1,2l)=gcd(2k+1,l),

gcd(2k+1,l)=gcd(2k+1−l,l)

•designanefficientalgorithmtocomputegcd(m,n)thatuses

onlysubtractionanddivisionby2(thelatterisveryfastasit

isequivalenttoashifto