2022年丘成桐大学生数学竞赛决赛Applied Math and Computational Math(Individual).pdf

OralExam,AppliedandComputationalMathematics

QuestionI

ConsidertheAllen-Cahnequationforu:=u(x,t)∈R(naturalboundary

conditions)

2

∂u=∂u+u(1−u),u(x,0)=u(x),x∈(0,1),t0,

txx0

whereu0isasufficientlysmoothfunction.

1.DenotetheenergyfunctionalasE(u)

E(u(·,t))=11|∂u(x,t)|2+1(u(x,t)−1)2dx.

x

24

0

ShowE(u(·,t))isadecreasingfunctionrespecttot.

2.Considerasemi-discrete-in-timescheme

n+1n

u−u

n+1n+13n

=∂xxu−(u)+u,(1)

τ

whereu0=uandunisthenumericalapproximationofu(·,t)with

0n

tn=nτ(τ0isthetimestepsize,n=0,1,2,···).Showthatthe

schemeisenergystable,i.e.E(un+1)≤E(un)(n=0,1,2,···).

3.Forgivenun,provethat(1)admitsauniquesolutionun+1ateachtime

step.

QuestionII

Foranintegern≥1,considertheequation

n+1nn

f(x)=0,f(x)=x−bx+ab,a0,b0.

(a)Provethattheequationhasexactlytwodistinctpositiverootsifand

onlyif

n

ab.

1+1

(n+1)n

(b)Assumingthatthe