自然数倒数之和是否为有理数 陶哲轩.pdf

ONSEVERALIRRATIONALITYPROBLEMSFORAHMESSERIES

ˇ

VJEKOSLAVKOVACANDTERENCETAO

4

2

0Abstract.Usingbasictoolsofmathematicalanalysisandelementaryprobabilitytheorywe

2addressseveralproblemsontheirrationalityofseriesofdistinctunitfractions,k1/ak.In

vparticular,westudysubseriesoftheLambertseriesk1/(tk−1)andtwotypesofirrationality

osequences(ak)introducedbyPaulErd˝osandRonaldGraham.Next,weaddressaquestion

ofErd˝os,whoaskedhowrapidlyasequenceofpositiveintegers(ak)cangrowifbothseries

N

k1/akandk1/(ak+1)haverationalsums.Ourconstructionofdoubleexponentially

7growingsequences(ak)withthispropertygeneralizestoanynumberdofseriesk1/(ak+j),

2j=0,1,2,...,d−1,and,inparticular,alsogivesapositiveanswertoaquestionofErd˝os

andErnstStrausontheinteriorofthesetofd-tuplesoftheirsums.Finally,weprovethe

]

Texistenceofasequence(ak)suchthatallwell-definedsumsk1/(ak+t),t∈Z,arerational

Nnumbers,givinganegativeanswertoaconjecturebyKennethStolarsky.

.

h

t

a

m

[

3

vContents

3

91.Introduction2

5

71.1.Notation2

1