正弦交流电路的基本概念课件讲解.pptx

BasicConceptsofSinusoidalAlternatingCircuit正弦交流电路的基本概念

正弦交流信号在工程中应用非常广泛。SinusoidalACsignalsfindwidespreadapplicationsinengineering.图中所示是几种产生正弦交流信号的方法。ThefollowingdiagramillustratesseveralmethodsforgeneratingsinusoidalACsignals.Fig.1正弦交流电的产生Generationofsinusoidalalternatingcurrent1.什么是正弦交流电WhatisSinusoidalAlternatingCurrent(AC)?其中，图(a)为交流发电机；(b)为风力发电机；(c)为太阳能发电装置；(d)为函数发生器，它可以产生多种频率的正弦信号。Amongthem,(a)depictsanACgenerator;(b)representsawindturbinegenerator;(c)showsasolarpowergenerationdevice;and(d)displaysafunctiongeneratorcapableofproducingsinusoidalsignalsatvariousfrequencies.

大小和方向随时间按正弦函数规律变化的电流或电压称为正弦交流电流或正弦交流电压，统称正弦交流电。Acurrentorvoltagethatvarieswithtimeaccordingtothesinusoidalfunctionintermsofmagnitudeanddirectionisreferredtoassinusoidalalternatingcurrent(AC)orsinusoidalalternatingvoltage,collectivelyknownassinusoidalAC.正弦交流电流波形图ThesinusoidalACcurrentwaveform1.什么是正弦交流电WhatisSinusoidalAlternatingCurrent(AC)?如图所示的正弦交流电流为ThesinusoidalACcurrentwaveformshownintheleftdiagramisi＝Imsin(ωt+φi)

1.瞬时值、最大值和有效值InstantaneousValue,PeakValue,andEffectiveValue确定一个正弦量必须具备三个要素：最大值Im、角频率ω和初相位φ。Todetermineasinusoidalquantity,threeelementsmustbeconsidered:thepeakvalue(Im),angularfrequency(ω),andinitialphaseangle(φ).(1)瞬时值Instantaneousvalue正弦交流电流不同的时刻有不同的大小，任一时刻t所对应的电流值叫瞬时值，用i表示。Thesinusoidalalternatingcurrenthasdifferentmagnitudesatdifferentmoments,andthevalueofthesinusoidalACcurrentatanygivenmomenttiscalledtheinstantaneousvalue,denotedasi.正弦交流电流波形图ThesinusoidalACcurrentwaveform2.正弦量的三要素ThreeElementsofSinusoidalQuantity

1.瞬时值、最大值和有效值InstantaneousValue,PeakValue,andEffectiveValue确定一个正弦量必须具备三个要素：最大值Im、角频率ω和初相位φ。Todetermineasinusoidalquantity,threeelementsmustbeconsidered:thepeakvalue(Im),angularfrequency(ω),andinitialphaseangle(φ).(2)最大值PeakValue最大的瞬时值称最大值，也称振幅或峰值，用