脑静脉系统血栓形成宣武医院.pptVIP

脑静脉窦血栓上矢状窦血栓（superiorsagittalsinusthrombosis，SSST）脑静脉窦血栓上矢状窦血栓（superiorsagittalsinusthrombosis，SSST）脑静脉窦血栓上矢状窦血栓（superiorsagittalsinusthrombosis，SSST）01预后：单纯上矢状窦血栓在数周或数月后可再通，颅内压恢复正常，预后良好。如果累及到其他脑静脉窦或脑静脉，而未能得到及时有效的治疗，其颅压高将持久存在，严重者可造成死亡。02脑静脉窦血栓上矢状窦血栓（superiorsagittalsinusthrombosis，SSST）●横窦和乙状窦统称为侧窦。●病因以耳或乳突的急慢性感染最为常见。其感染途径为：直接途径：如中耳炎或乳突炎化脓破坏薄的骨质，而后脓肿压迫横窦，使窦内血流淤滞并伴有炎性改变。间接途径：乳突炎或中耳炎使通向乙状窦的小静脉发生血栓，而后血栓扩展到乙状窦，开始为附壁血栓，后渐扩大为静脉窦血栓。横窦和乙状窦血栓(transverseandsigmoidsinusthrombosis)脑静脉窦血栓●临床表现◆一侧橫窦闭塞时可无症状。◆当对侧橫窦或窦汇先天异常，颅内静脉仅依赖一侧橫窦回流易导致颅内压增高。◆不同的症状取决于血栓的大小和累及的结构■横窦血栓向下扩展至岩下窦时，造成外展神经麻痹。■扩展至颈静脉时，可影响到IX、X、XI颅神经。■血栓向前扩展至岩上窦时，压迫三叉神经节或三叉神经第一支。■血栓经窦汇或下吻合静脉扩展到上矢状窦时，会产生严重的颅内压增高、昏迷、癫痫、偏瘫或截瘫。■左侧横窦血栓累及到皮层时，可出现失语。横窦和乙状窦血栓(transverseandsigmoidsinusthrombosis)脑静脉窦血栓脑静脉窦血栓(transverseandsigmoidsinusthrombosis)01Caption:A23-year-oldfemalewithheadache.CTscandemonstratesasubtlerighttransversesinusthrombosiswithhighattenuation(arrows).MRvenographydemonstratesabsentflowintherighttransversesinus,sigmoidsinus,andinternaljugularvein.02横窦和乙状窦血栓横窦和乙状窦血栓(transverseandsigmoidsinusthrombosis)脑静脉窦血栓A32-year-oldpostpartumpatientwithheadaches.AxialCTimageshowsahypodenselefttemporallobevenousinfarct.Atriangularhigh-attenuationfocus(arrows)posterolateraltotheareaofinfarctionrepresentsthrombuswithinthelefttransversesinus.AxialMRvenogramdemonstratesocclusionofthelefttransversesinus,sigmoidsinus,andinternaljugularvein.横窦和乙状窦血栓(transverseandsigmoidsinusthrombosis)脑静脉窦血栓CT