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话题：玉雕
Passage1
Inthepast,jadecarvingwasmuch1.____(more)labor-consuming.Artisanshadtositforalongtimeatatable-likeironrotarymachine2.____cutterbars.
Summerorwinter,theytreadledtodrivethemachinewhile3.____(pick)upabrasivesands—usuallymadefromquartzorgarnet—fromatrayofwater.
Itwaslargelybythismachine4.____theycut,carved,drilledandpolishedtocreatemiraclesonthetoughmineralthathaslongbeenfavoredbytheChinese.
Sincethe1960s,motor-poweredrotarymachines5.____(introduce)totheindustry,alongwithimprovedtoolssuchas6.____(vary)grindingheads,cutters,ultrasonicdrillingequipment,mechanizedgrindingbeadsandvibratorypolishers,WangMingyingandShiGuanghai,bothfromtheChinaUniversityofGeosciencesinBeijing,wroteina2020articleontheevolutionofChinesejade-carvingcraftsmanship.
Accordingtothem,computernumericalcontrolandthree-dimensionalscanningdeviceshavebeenincreasinglyappliedinjadecarving.However,detailedmanualwork,suchasthatusedtomakeeggshell-thinjadevessels,aswellastheabove-mentionedqiaoseandchaincarvingtechniques,cannot7.____(achieve)withthesemachines.
8.____(create)high-qualityjadeworks,artisansneedtohaveadeepunderstandingofjadematerials.Theymustbeabletoidentifytheuniquecharacteristicsofeachpieceofjade,9.____(include)itscolor,texture,andhardness.Thisknowledgehelpsthemdecide10.____carvingtechniquestouseandhowtobringoutthebestinthejade.
Passage2
YangXi,aSuzhou-basednational-levelintangibleculturalheritageinheritorofjadecarving,hasobservedthistrend.Hesaysitsquiteusualfortheyoungergenerationtocompletethemajorityofworkwithacomputerandthencontinuethecarvingandpolishingbyhand.
Headmitsthatsometimesevenindustryinsiderscannottellwhetherartworksaremadebyhandorwiththeassistanceofmachines
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