超实用高考英语一轮语法复习名词、冠词和数词课件.pptxVIP

语法专题复习名词Noun

01.名词的定义以及分类02.名词的数03.名词所有格04.名词的句法功能学习目标：熟练掌握以下内容：

一、名词的定义：世间万物的名称即表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念等的名称的词（即:sb./sth）。

名词分类普通名词plant,camera,hobby,cause,factory,theme不可数名词可数名词group,team,class,family,audience人名,地名,组织名,国家名,学科名，语言名等专有名词个体名词抽象名词集体名词cattle,people,(the)policeoxygen,air,honey,butter,cheesepride,stress,pressure,confidence,progress物质名词

可数名词与不可数名词的区别：1.可数名词：前有a/an修饰,或者有复数形式不可数名词前无a/an,也没有复数形式2.可数名词可以直接用数量词表示数量：twobooks,threeboxes不可数名词需借助量化词表示：aglassofwater,apieceofpaper3.前面修饰语不同：many+可数名词，much+不可数名词

二、名词的数：可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，凡涉及的数量大于一时，要用复数形式规则变化规则例词一般在词尾加-smap—maps,sea—seas,girl—girls,day—days以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass—classes,box—boxes,watch—watches,dish—dishes以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf—leaves,thief—thieves,knife—knives,half—halves,loaf—loaves,wife—wives,shelf—shelves加-sbelief—beliefs,chief—chiefs,proof—proofs,roof—roofs

规则例词以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty—parties,family—families,story—stories,city—cities以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-stoy—toys,boy—boys,day—days,ray—rays,Henry—Henrys以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano—pianos,photo—photos,kilo—kilos两者皆可zero—zeros/zeroesvolcano—volcanos/volcanoesmosquito—mosquitos/mosquitoes以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio—radios,bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos以-th结尾的名词加-struth—truths,mouth—mouths,month—months,path—paths

不规则变化规则例词改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—eese,mouse—mice单复数相同species,sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff部分集体名词既可以做单数(整体)也可以做复数(成员)audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件,报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)

规则例词表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-w