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第七章部分习题参考答案
Exercise1
ShowthatanormalmatrixAisHermitianifitseigenvaluesareallreal.
ProofIfAisanormalmatrix,thenthereisaunitarymatrixthatdiagonalizesA.Thatis,thereisaunitarymatrixUsuchthat
whereDisadiagonalmatrixandthediagonalelementsofDareeigenvaluesofA.
IfeigenvaluesofAareallreal,then
Therefore,AisHermitian.
Exercise2
LetAandBbeHermitianmatricesofthesameorder.ShowthatABisHermitianifandonlyif.
Proof
If,then.Hence,ABisHermitian.
Conversely,ifABisHermitian,then.Therefore,.
Exercise3
LetAandBbeHermitianmatricesofthesameorder.ShowthatAandBaresimilariftheyhavethesamecharacteristicpolynomial.
ProofSincematrixAandBhavethesamecharacteristicpolynomial,theyhavethesameeigenvalues.ThereexistunitarymatricesUandVsuchthat
,.
Thus,
.()
Thatis.Hence,AandBaresimilar.
Exercise4
LetAbeaskew-Hermitianmatrix,i.e.,,showthat
(a)andareinvertible.
(b)isaunitarymatrixwitheigenvaluesnotequalto.
ProofofPart(a)
Method1:(a)since,itfollowsthat
Forany
Hence,ispositivedefinite.Itfollowsthatisinvertible.Hence,bothandareinvertible.
Method2:
Ifissingular,thenthereexistsanonzerovectorxsuchthat
.Thus,,
.(1)
Sinceisreal,itfollowsthat
.
Thatis.Since,itfollowsthat
(2)
Equation(1)and(2)impliesthat.Thiscontradictstheassumptionthatxisnonzero.
Therefore,isinvertible.
Method3:
LetbeaneigenvalueofAandxbeanassociatedeigenvector.
.
Hence,iseitherzeroorpureimaginary.1andcannotbeeigenvaluesofA.Hence,andareinvertible.
Method4:Since,Aisnormal.ThereexistsaunitarymatrixUsuchthat
Eachispureimaginaryorzero.
Sincefor
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