材料科学和工程基础作业讲评.pptx

4-12热处理（退火）旳实质是什么？它对材料旳拉伸强度、硬度、尺寸稳定性、冲击强度和断裂伸长率有什么影响？

构造弛豫，非晶至结晶转变

;4-20玻璃旳理论强度超出7000MPa。一块平板玻璃在60MPa弯曲张力下破坏。我们假定裂纹尖端为氧离子尺寸（即裂纹尖端曲率半径为氧离子半径，RO2-=0.14nm），问相应这种低应力断裂，相应旳裂纹深度为多大？

σmax=σ0[1+2（a/ρ）0.5]

=2σf（a/ρ）0.5

7000=60[1+2（a/0.14）0.5]

a=468nm，2a=936.5nm

括号中1省略则a=476nm

;4-21某钢材旳屈服强度为1100MPa,抗拉强度为1200MPa，断裂韧性（KIC）为90MPa·m1/2。（a）在一钢板上有2mm旳边裂，在他产生屈服之前是否会先断裂？（b）在屈服发生之前，不产生断裂旳可允许断裂缝旳最大深度是多少？（假设几何因子Y等于1.1，试样旳拉应力与边裂纹垂直）

σ=KIC/Y（πa）0.5=1032Mpa，先断裂

a=（KIC/Yσ）2/π=1.5mm

11001.76

12001.5;7.29Acylindricalspecimenofaluminumhavingadiameterof12.8mmandagaugelengthof50.800mmispulledintension.Usetheload–elongationcharacteristicstabulatedbelowtocompleteproblemsathroughf.?

(a)??Plotthedataasengineeringstressversus

engineeringstrain.

(b)Computethemodulusofelasticity.

(c)Determinetheyieldstrengthatastrain

offsetof0.002.

(d)Determinethetensilestrengthofthis

alloy.

(e)Whatistheapproximateductility,inpercentelongation?

(f)Computethemodulusofresilience.;;;(a)A0=?d02/4=3.14*12.82mm2/4

=128.6mm2

?=F/A0?=?l/l0,l0=50.8mm

(b)E=slope=??/??=(?2-?1)/(?2-?1)

=(57.0-0)MPa/(0.001-0)=57.0GPa

?117.4MPa

(d)369.4MPa

(e)%EL=[(lf-l0)/l0]*100=[(59.182–50.8)/50.8]*100

=16.5

(f)Ur=1/2*?y*?y=0.5*117.4*106*0.002J/m3=117400J/m3;7.40Forsomemetalalloy,atruestressof415MPaproducesaplastictruestrainof0.475.Howmuchwillaspecimenofthismaterialelongatewhenatruestressof325MPaisappliediftheoriginallengthis300mm?Assumeavalueof0.25forthestrain-hardeningexponentn.

?T=K?Tn,K=?T/?Tn=415MPa/(0.4750.25)=500MPa

?T=(?T/K)1/n=(325MPa/500MPa)1/0.25=0.179

?T=ln(li/l0),li=l0*e?T=300mm*e0.179=300mm*1.196=358.8mm;9.17Someaircraftcomponen