‌《气象学导论》大气垂直结构-英文教学课件（非AI生成）.ppt

Verticalstructureoftheatmosphere

Whereistheupperboundaryoftheatmosphere?

Well…Thereisnodefiniteanswertothisquestion.Whathappensisthatairbecomesthinnerathigheraltitudes.Atanaltitudeof16km(10mi)thedensityoftheairisonlyabout10%ofthatatthesealevelandat50kmisonlyabout1%ofthatatthesealevelAt100km(60mi)99.99997%oftheatmosphereisbelowthisheightMostofthe“action”orthe“weather”thataffectssurfaceoccursbelow~12km,theregionwecall‘troposphere’(Greektroposforturningormixing“)

Howcanweexplainthesedifferencesindensity?Answer:GRAVITYFORCE!FG=GravitationalforceTheMEmassoftheEarth=5.98*1024kgG=gravitationalconstant=6.67x10-11Nm2kg2

NowwecandefineatmosphericpressureDefinition:isdefinedastheforceperunitareaexertedagainstasurfacebytheweightoftheairmoleculesabovethatsurface.Unities:millibar(USA)orhPa(hectopascalsusedinscientificpublications=100N/m2)P2P1P1P2

Thebasicstounderstandwindsistokeepinmindthat…WindisairinmovementAiralwaysmovefromhightolowpressureregionsThatiswhyweplotmapswithlineswithsamepressureatsurface(isobars)tolocalizewhereregionswithhighandlowpressureexistHighpressure(H)Lowpressure(L)

Trainingconcepts:Arrowsrepresentwindsandcolorstemperature(F).Trytoidentifypatternsofsealevelpressure(relativelyhighandlowpressuresystems)/asr/forecasts.htm

ThesearesurfaceanalysisforJan10/2012–solidyellowlines:isobars(lineswiththesamesealevelpressure)DBZ-radarreflectivity–relatedtoprecipitationL–LowpressuresystemsH-Highpressuresystems/

Verticalstructureoftheatmosphere

Firstintriguingquestion:Whydoestemperaturedecreasewithheightinthetroposphereandnottheotherwayaround??

Thereasonis…TheatmosphereisrelativelytransparenttomosttypesofradiantenergyemittedbytheSun–whichmeansthatthedirectsunradiatio