化合物英文命名规则.pptVIP

Aromaticcompounds（芳香族化合物）01xylene（二甲苯）o,m,p-02benzene（苯）03toluene（甲苯）04mesitylene（1,3,5-三甲基苯）styrene（苯乙烯）Monosubstituted（单基取代的）benzenes:nitrobenzene（硝基苯）ethylbenzene（乙苯）chlorobenzene（氯苯）01030204aniline（苯胺）01phenol（苯酚）cyanobenzene（苯甲腈）02o-hydroxybenzoicacid邻羟基苯甲酸间仲丁基氯苯Multisubstituentedaromaticcompounds（多取代的芳香化合物）sec-butylchlorobenzenep-acetylbenzoicacid对乙酰苯甲酸logop-bromomethoxybenzene对溴甲氧基苯p-ethyltolene对乙基甲苯3-ethyl-4-phenylcyclohexene3-乙基-4-苯基环己烯m-methylaniline1间甲基苯胺2cyanophenol3邻氰基苯酚4o-xyleneperfluorobenzene邻二甲苯六氟苯phthalicacid邻苯二甲酸II.Nomenclature（命名法）oforganiccompoundsB.Functionalcompounds1.Alkylhalides（卤化物）2-iodopropane2-碘丙烷isopropyliodide异丙基碘(1)halo+thenameofalkane(2)Thenameofalkylgroup+halidehalo:fluoro,chloro,bromo,iodohalide:fluoride,chloride,bromide,iodide2-bromoisohexane2-溴异己烷Somespecialnamesforalkylhalides:CHX3choroform氯仿bromoform溴仿iodoform碘仿CH2X2methylenechloride二氯甲烷CX4carbontetrachloride四氯化碳X3C-CX3perchloroethaneThenameofalcoholaregivenbyreplacingthefinalletter“e”ofthenameofalkanewiththesuffix“ol”.醇的命名是将烷烃中的最后一个字母“e变为后缀“ol”2-propanol2-丙醇Isopropanol异丙醇1232.Alcohols（醇）2-methyl-1,4-cyclohexanediol2-甲基-1,4-环己二醇2-cyclopenten-1-ol2-环戊烯-1-醇01023.Thiols(mercaptan硫醇)1-propanethiol1-丙硫醇thenameofalkane+thiolO-mercaptotoluene邻巯基甲苯01024.Thesaltsofalcohols(ROM)

醇类的盐Thenameofcation（阳离子）+thenameofRgroup+oxide（氧化物）ammoniumcyclohexyloxide铵氧环己烷potassiumisopentyloxide钾氧异戊烷5.Thesaltsofthiols(RSM)硫醇的盐Thenameofcation+thenameofRgroup+sulfideThenameofcation+thenameofthiol+atelithiumtert-butylsulfide叔丁基锂硫lithiumtert-butanethiolate叔丁基硫锂6.Ethers(R1-O-R2)（醚）(1)ThenameofR1+thenameofR2+ether(2)Thenameofsmallalkyloxy+thenameofalkaneethylisopropylether乙基异丙基