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NervousSystem-
CNSpart1StudyGuideSUMC2011-212Forfurtherreadingpleaseseefollowingwebpage:
Onewaytoclassifyneuronsisbythenumberofextensionsthatextendfromtheneuronscellbody(soma).Bipolarneuronshavetwoprocessesextendingfromthecellbody(examples:retinalcells,olfactoryepitheliumcells).Pseudo-uni-polarcells(example:dorsalrootganglioncells).Actually,thesecellshave2axonsratherthananaxonanddendrite.Oneaxonextendscentrallytowardthespinalcord,theotheraxonextendstowardtheskinormuscle.Multipolarneuronshavemanyprocessesthatextendfromthecellbody.However,eachneuronhasonlyoneaxon(examples:spinalmotorneurons,pyramidalneurons,Purkinjecells).
Neuronscanalsobeclassifiedbythedirectionthattheysendinformation:Sensory(orafferent)neurons:sendinformationfromsensoryreceptors(e.g.,inskin,eyes,nose,tongue,ears)TOWARDthecentralnervoussystem.Motor(orefferent)neurons:sendinformationAWAYfromthecentralnervoussystemtomusclesorglands.Interneurons:sendinformationbetweensensoryneuronsandmotorneurons.Mostinterneuronsarelocatedinthecentralnervoussystem.
Asingleneuronconsistof:1CELLBODY:isthemetaboliccenteroftheneuron,containstheNucleusandMitochondrion.2DENDRITES:conveyincomingmessagestothecellbody.3AXONHILLOCK:aconelikeregionfromwhereanaxonarises.4AXONS:generatesnerveimpulsesandtopicallyconductthemawayfromthecellbody.Anerveisagroupofaxons”.5Presynapticterminals:Theswollen,distalendofanaxon;containsaneurotransmittersubstancewithinsynapticvesicles.Alsocalledsynapticending.6
AxonsTakeinformationawayfromthecellbodySmoothSurfaceGenerallyonly1axonpercellNoribosomesCanhavemyelinBranchfurtherfromthecellbodyDendritesBringinformationtothecellbodyRoughSurface(dendriticspines)UsuallymanydendritespercellHaveribosomesNomyelininsulation
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