2022-2024年广东高考生物真题汇编.docx

目录

一2022-2024广东高考真题汇编··············································1-22

1分子与细胞······························································1-5

2遗传与进化·····························································5-11

3稳态与调节····························································11-16

4生物与环境····························································16-19

5生物技术与工程························································19-22

二参考答案·······························································22-30

1分子与细胞····························································22-24

2遗传与进化····························································24-26

3稳态与调节····························································26-28

4生物与环境····························································28-29

5生物技术与工程···························································30

广东省2022-2024年生物高考题汇编

必修一《分子与细胞》

概念1?细胞是生物体结构与生命活动的基本单位

重要概念

次位概念

2024

2023

2022

1.2细胞各部分结构既分工又合作,共同执行细胞的各项生命活动

1.2.2阐明细胞内具有多个相对独立的结构,担负着物质运输,合成与分解,能量转换和信息传递等生命活动

2,5

7,8

1.2.4举例说明细胞各部分结构之间相互联系,协调一致,共同执行细胞的各项生命活动

9

1.(24·2)2019年,我国科考队在太平洋马里亚纳海沟采集到一种蓝细菌,其细胞内存在由两层膜组成的片层结构,此结构可进行光合作用与呼吸作用。在该结构中,下列物质存在的可能性最小的是()

A.ATP B.NADP+ C.NADH D.DNA

2.(24·5)研究发现,敲除某种兼性厌氧酵母（WT）sqr基因后获得的突变株△sqr中,线粒体出现碎片化现象,且数量减少。下列分析错误的是()

A.碎片化的线粒体无法正常进行有氧呼吸B.线粒体数量减少使△sqr的有氧呼吸减弱

C.有氧条件下,WT比△sqr的生长速度快D.无氧条件下,WT比△sqr产生更多的ATP

3.(22·7)拟南芥HPR1蛋白定位于细胞核孔结构,功能是协助mRNA转移。与野生型相比,推测该蛋白功

能缺失的突变型细胞中,有更多mRNA分布于()

A.细胞核 B.细胞质 C.高尔基体 D.细胞膜

4.(22·8)将正常线粒体各部分分离,结果见下图。含有线粒体DNA的是()

A.① B.② C.③ D.④

5.(22·9)酵母菌sec系列基因的突变会影响分泌蛋白的分泌过程,某突变酵母菌菌株的分泌蛋白最终积累在高尔基体中。此外,还可能检测到分泌蛋白的场所是()

A.线粒体,囊泡 B.内质网,细胞外 C.线粒体,细胞质基质 D.内质网,囊泡

※概念2?细胞的生存需要能量和营养物质,并通过分裂实现增殖

重要概念

次位概念

2024

2023

2022

2.2细胞的功能绝大多数基于化学反应,这些反应发生在细胞的特定区域

2.2.1说明绝大多数酶是一类能催化生化反应的蛋白质,酶活性受到环境因素(如pH和温度等)的影响

15

1

13

21(4)

2.2.3说明植物细胞的叶绿体从太阳光中捕获能量,这些能量在二氧化碳和水转变为糖与氧气的过程中,转换并储存为糖分子中的化学能

20(1,2)

20(4)

18(1,2)

18(3,4)

18

2.2.4说明生物通过细胞呼吸将储存在有机分子中的能量转化为生

命活动可