水文地质学基础练习及答案.pdfVIP

海纳百川，有容乃大；壁立千仞，无欲则刚。——林则徐

水文地质学基础

试题库及参考答案

目录

第一章地球上的水及其循环···········································1

第二章岩石中的空隙与水分···········································4服

第三章地下水的赋存··················································9暗室逢

第四章地下水运动的基本规律·········································15收复失

第五章毛细现象与包气带水的运动·····································20

第六章地下水的化学成分及其形成作用·································22

第七章地下水的补给与排泄···········································29QWDD

第八章地下水系统···················································35

第九章地下水的动态与均衡···········································37

第十章孔隙水·······················································40是多少

第十一章裂隙水·····················································42三分法

第十二章岩溶水·····················································45we福娃

第十三章地下水资源·················································48

第十四章地下水与环境···············································49

第二章岩石中的空隙与水分

一、名词解释

1．岩石空隙：地下岩土中的空间;

2．孔隙：松散岩石中,颗粒或颗粒集合体之间的空隙;

3．孔隙度：松散岩石中,某一体积岩石中孔隙所占的体积;

4．裂隙：各种应力作用下,岩石破裂变形产生的空隙;

5．裂隙率：裂隙体积与包括裂隙在内的岩石体积的比值;

6．岩溶率：溶穴的体积与包括溶穴在内的岩石体积的比值;

海纳百川，有容乃大；壁立千仞，无欲则刚。——林则徐

7．溶穴：可溶的沉积岩在地下水溶蚀下产生的空洞;

8．结合水：受固相表面的引力大于水分子自身重力的那部分水;

9．重力水：重力对它的影响大于固体表面对它的吸引力,因而能在自身重力作影响下运动的

那部分水;

10．毛细水：受毛细力作用保持在岩石空隙中的水;

11．支持毛细水：由于毛细力的作用,水从地下水面沿孔隙上升形成一个毛细水带,此带中的

毛细水下部有地下水面支持;

12．悬挂毛细水：由于上下弯液面毛细力的作用,在细土层会保留与地下水面不相联接的毛

细水;

13．容水度：岩石完全饱水时所能容纳的最大的水体积与岩石总体积的比值;

14．重量含水量：松散岩石孔隙中所含水的重量与干燥岩石重量的比值;

15．体积含水量：松散岩石孔隙中所含水的体积与包括孔隙在内的岩石体积的比值;

16．饱和含水量：孔隙充分饱水时的含水量;

17．饱和差：饱和含水量与实际含水量之间的差值;

18．饱和度