组织学与胚胎学内分泌.pptVIP

图11-1人体主要内分泌腺解剖学位置示意图内分泌系统的功能维持内环境稳定调节生长发育和各种代谢控制生殖影响免疫功能和行为是机体的重要调节系统，与神经系统相辅相成。a.Capsule：CTb.parenchyma:endocrinecellsarrangedintonest,cord,clusterorfollicle,secretehormonesc.interstitium:CT,richincapillariestheylackexcretoryducts.(2)?GeneralstructureofendocrineglandsTargetorgansortargetcells(3)内分泌细胞的分类含氮激素分泌细胞类固醇激素分泌细胞代表性腺、肾上腺皮质甲状腺、甲状旁腺、垂体远侧部、APUD细胞粗面内质网、高尔基复合体细胞器滑面内质网、管状嵴线粒体和脂滴多和膜包分泌颗粒多分泌类固醇激素细胞SER、mit、lipiddroplet、rawmaterials分泌含氮激素细胞RER、Golgi、secretorygranules2.Thyroid(甲状腺)locatedintheanteriorpartoftheneck,immediatelybelowthelarynx(喉).consistsoftwolaterallobes(侧叶)connectedbyanisthmus(峡部).来自胚胎甲状舌管，在第11w时，开始分泌甲状腺素。被膜capsule：实质：滤泡（follicle）滤泡旁细胞（follicularcell）间质interstitium：fenestretedcapillaries,CT甲状腺（thyroidgland）Follicularepithelialcells:squamous(扁平)tolowcolumnar(矮柱状)inshape,dependingonthestateoftheiractivity;具有双向分泌功能；synthesizeandsecretethehormonesthyroxine(T3,T4)；粗面内质网高尔基复合体碘化溶酶体氨基酸甲状腺球蛋白前体分泌颗粒胶质甲状腺素(T3,T4)PhysiologicaleffectsofT3andT4stimulatethebasalrateofmetabolism（新陈代谢）.influencebodygrowthandtheexcitability（兴奋）ofnervoussystem.SecretionofT4andT3isunderthecontrolofTSHsecretedbytheanteriorhypophysis(垂体前叶).甲亢MedicalApplicationAdietlowiniodinehindersthesynthesisofthyroidhormones,causinghypothyroidism(甲状腺功能减退).Thyroidhypertrophy（肥大）asaresultofincreasedthyrotropin（促甲状腺激素）secretioncausesthedisorderknownasiodinedeficiencygoiter(甲状腺肿).Childrenwhoarehypothyroidarecalledcretins(呆小症);cretinismischaracterizedbyarrestedphysicalandmentaldevelopment.Hyperthyroidism甲状腺机能亢进,whichduetoanimmunologicdysfunction,PatientswithGraves格雷夫斯病diseaseexhibitdecreasedbodyweight,nervousnes