农业种植病虫害防治手册.docVIP

农业种植病虫害防治手册

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农业种植病虫害防治手册详细内容如下：

第一章病虫害防治基础知识

1.1病虫害种类及危害

农业种植过程中，病虫害是影响作物产量和质量的重要因素。病虫害主要包括病害、虫害以及有害生物对作物的侵袭。以下为常见病虫害种类及其危害：

1.1.1病害

病害是由真菌、细菌、病毒、线虫等微生物引起的植物病害。常见的病害有：

真菌性病害：如霜霉病、白粉病、炭疽病等，会导致作物叶片、茎、果实等部位出现病斑、腐烂、畸形等症状，严重时会导致植株死亡。

细菌性病害：如软腐病、青枯病等，会引起作物叶片、茎、果实等部位出现水浸状病斑、腐烂、萎蔫等症状。

病毒性病害：如花叶病、矮化病等，会导致作物生长缓慢、叶片畸形、果实变小等。

线虫性病害：如根结线虫病，会导致作物根系发育不良，影响植株吸收养分和水分。

1.1.2虫害

虫害是指对作物造成危害的昆虫。常见的虫害有：

食叶性害虫：如菜青虫、棉铃虫等，以作物叶片为食，导致叶片破损、光合作用降低。

刺吸式害虫：如蚜虫、红蜘蛛