《最新英美概况》-英国部分-Chapter 5.ppt

ChapterFive

Law,PoliceandMilitary

◎Learningobjectives:Aftercompletingthispart,studentsshouldfamiliarizethemselveswiththelaw,policeandmilitary.

1.TheBritishlaw2.TheBritishlegalsystem3.Thepolice4.Themilitary◎Focalpoints:

(1)Law

1)TheSourcesofLawUnlikemanycountries,theUKhasnocoreconstitutionaldocument.TheconstitutionoftheUnitedKingdomisthesetoflawsandprinciplesunderwhichtheUnitedKingdomisgoverned.

Themainsourcesoflawlegislation(statutelaw);alargeamountofunwrittenorcommonlaw(judge-madelaw),gatheredfromnumerousdecisionsofthecourts;treaties；EUlaw.

2)LegalSystemTheUnitedKingdomhasthreelegalsystems：EnglishlawNorthernIrelandlawScotslaw

ThehighestcourtTheHouseofLordsisthehighestcourtinthelandforallcriminalandcivilcasesinEnglandandWalesandNorthernIreland,andforallcivilcasesinScotslaw.3)Courts

ThehighestcourtTheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedKingdomwasindependentfromtheHouseofLordsinOctober2009.3)Courts

Asnapshot:thehomeofthenewSupremeCourtoftheUnitedKingdom,MiddlesexGuildhall

Asnapshot:thehomeofthenewSupremeCourtoftheUnitedKingdom,MiddlesexGuildhall

RoleofTheSupremeCourtisthefinalcourtofappealforallUnitedKingdomcivilcases,andcriminalcasesfromEngland,WalesandNorthernIrelandhearsappealsonarguablepointsoflawofgeneralpublicimportanceconcentratesoncasesofthegreatestpublicandconstitutionalimportancemaintainsanddevelopstheroleofthehighestcourtintheUnitedKingdomasaleaderinthecommonlawworld

CriminalLawandCivilLawThecourtsareadministeredbytheCourtsService.ThefundamentaldistinctionintheEnglishcommonlawisbetweenCriminalLawandCivil(i.e.,non-criminal)Law.

ManykindsofcourtsHouseofLords—highestappellatecourtforappeals?onimportantpointsoflawCourtofAppeal—hasseparatecriminalandcivil?divis