2025北京高三一模英语汇编：阅读理解D篇.docx

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2025北京高三一模英语汇编：阅读理解D篇.docx

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2025北京高三一模英语汇编

阅读理解D篇

一、阅读理解

（2025北京西城高三一模）Genetic(基因的)variationiswhatallowsaspeciestoadaptasclimatechanges,newdiseasesarise,andnovelenemiescomeonthescene.AslightlydifferentgeneticmakeupcanensureatleastsomeindividualswillstilldoOKintimesofcrisis.Butjustasthenumberofspeciesisdecliningworldwide,so,too,isthegeneticdiversitywithinmanyspecies.

Until2022,governmentsfocusedprimarilyonpreventingspeciesfromdisappearing.Thatyear,however,whenupdatingtheUnitedNations’sConventiononBiologicalDiversitytreaty(条约),participatingcountriesagreedtostarttolookatgeneticdiversityaswell.

Thefirststeptowardslowingthetrendisunderstandingit.ConservationbiologistCatherineGruéberfromtheUniversityofSydneyandmanycolleaguesgathered882paperswrittenbetween1985and2019thattrackeddiversitychangeswithin628individualspeciesbyanalyzingtheirDNAatatleasttwotimepoints.Theteamusedcomplexstatisticalanalysestomakethedatacomparable,enablingthemtoidentifytrendsandcorrelatelossofgeneticdiversitywithfloods,habitatdestruction,orotherdisturbances.Theyalsotrackedwhathappenedinthefaceofvariousconservationmeasures,suchaslegallyprotectingaspeciesorsettingasideandprotectinghabitat.

Two-thirdsofthepopulationsanalyzedexhibitedadeclineindiversity,Gruéberandhercolleaguesreport.Thatincludedspeciesalreadyknowntobeatrisk,butitalsoincludedmorecommonspecies.Theimplicationisthatthosespeciesmaybelessabletobouncebackthanexpectedduringenvironmentalchange,saysAliciaMastertta-Yanes,aconservationgeneticist.

Someconservationefforts,suchasecologicalrestorationorreducingpests(害虫),didn’thelpmuch,theanalysisfound.Butcertainactionsdidseemtohelp,suchaseffortstoexpandandprotecthabitat,introducenewindividualstodecliningpopulations,orconnecttwo