计算机组成与体系结构.pptx

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System-LevelI/O

15-213/18-213:IntroductiontoComputerSystems

15thLecture,Oct.17,2013Instructors:RandyBryant,DaveO’Hallaron,andGregKesden

TodayUnixI/OMetadata,sharing,andredirectionStandardI/ORIO(robustI/O)packageClosingremarks

UnixFilesAUnixfileisasequenceofmbytes:B0,B1,....,Bk,....,Bm-1AllI/Odevicesarerepresentedasfiles:/dev/sda2(/usrdiskpartition)/dev/tty2(terminal)Eventhekernelisrepresentedasafile:/dev/kmem (kernelmemoryimage)/proc (kerneldatastructures)

UnixFileTypesRegularfileFilecontaininguser/appdata(binary,text,whatever)OSdoesnotknowanythingabouttheformatotherthan“sequenceofbytes”,akintomainmemoryDirectoryfileAfilethatcontainsthenamesandlocationsofotherfilesCharacterspecialandblockspecialfilesTerminals(characterspecial)anddisks(blockspecial)FIFO(namedpipe)Afiletypeusedforinter-processcommunicationSocketAfiletypeusedfornetworkcommunicationbetweenprocesses

UnixI/OKeyFeaturesElegantmappingoffilestodevicesallowskerneltoexportsimpleinterfacecalledUnixI/OImportantidea:AllinputandoutputishandledinaconsistentanduniformwayBasicUnixI/Ooperations(systemcalls):Openingandclosingfilesopen()andclose()Readingandwritingafileread()andwrite()Changingthecurrentfileposition(seek)indicatesnextoffsetintofiletoreadorwritelseek()B0B1???Bk-1BkBk+1???Currentfileposition=k

OpeningFilesOpeningafileinformsthekernelthatyouaregettingreadytoaccessthatfileReturnsasmallidentifyingintegerfiledescriptorfd==-1indicatesthatanerroroccurredEachprocesscreatedbyaUnixshellbeginslifewiththreeopenfilesassociatedwithaterminal:0:standardinput1:standardoutput2:standarderrorintfd;/*filedescriptor*/if((fd=open(/etc/hosts,O_RDONLY))0){perror(open);exit(1);}

ClosingFilesClosingafileinformsthekernelthatyouarefinished

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