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p.01Acid-BaseEqm(4): BufferSolutionsAcid-BaseEqm(4): BufferSolutionsQ.: WhatisthenewpHafteradditionof0.001molHClat298K?(assumenovolumechange)100cm3H2O0.001molHCl[H3O+]=0.001100/1000=0.010M?pH=-log(0.010)=2?pHwoulddecreasefrom7to2afteradding0.001molHClat298K!
p.02Q.: WhatisthenewpHafteradditionof0.001molHClat298K?(assumenovolumechange)100cm30.1MCH3COOHKa=1.76?10-5M0.001molHCl?pHwoulddecreasefrom2.88to1.99afteradding0.001molHClat298K!BeforeadditionofHCl:x20.1–x=1.76?10-5x=1.33?10-3pH=2.88AfteradditionofHCl:extra[H3O+]=0.001100/1000=0.01My(0.01+y)0.1–y=1.76?10-5y=1.76?10-4pH=-log(0.01+y)=1.99
p.03Q.: WhatisthenewpHafteradditionof0.001molHClat298K?(assumenovolumechange)100cm30.1MCH3COOHand0.1MCH3COO-Na+0.001molHCl?pHwoulddecreasefrom4.75to4.67afteradding0.001molHClat298K!BeforeadditionofHCl:x(0.1+x)0.1–x=1.76?10-5x=1.76?10-5pH=4.75AfteradditionofHCl:extra[H3O+]=0.01M[CH3COO-]remained=0.1–0.01=0.09M(0.09+y)y0.11–y=1.76?10-5y=2.15?10-5pH=-log(y)=4.67
p.04Notethedifference…100cm3H2O100cm30.1MCH3COOH100cm30.1MCH3COOHand0.1MCH3COO-Na+InitialpH72.884.75pHafteradding0.001molHCl21.994.67tendstoresistthechangesinpHwhensmallamountsofacidisaddedi.e.itisa“BUFFER”solution!
p.05100cm30.1MCH3COOHand0.1MCH3COO-Na+ItisanACIDICBUFFERsolution!(i.e.weakacid+conjugatebase)IttendstoresistchangesinpHwhensmallamountsofacidorbaseareadded,andtheirpHisnotaffectedbydilution.Whenacidisadded,theadditionalH3O+wouldcombinewiththeconjugatebasesothattheeqmshiftsBW.i.e. [H3O+]doesnotchangemuch,pHremainsalmostunchanged.Whenbaseisadded,someH3O+ionsarereacted.SomeacidmoleculesdissociatetoproduceH3O+sothattheeqmshiftsFW.i.e. [H3O+]doesnotchangemuch,pHremainsalmostunchanged.CH
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