海事英语阅读 课件Unit 11 Text A How the Shipping Container Changed the World.pptx

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theWorld;TextA;Pre-readingActivities;1.Whatisthepercentageofthegoodstransportedbycontainershipping?;3.Whatimportanteventstookplacein1956,1966and1968whichinfluencedtheshippingindustry?;VideoScripts

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;HowtheShippingContainerChangedtheWorld;TheInventionandPopularizationoftheShippingContainer

;4InApril1956,thefirstcommerciallyavailableshippingcontainermadeitswayfromNewarktoHouston.Tenyearslater,in1966,containershipping

becameavailableforinternationalroutes.ThentheVietnamWarjumpstartedtheprocess.

5Thewarcreatedaneedformassivevolumesofsuppliestobequicklytransported.Thiswaswhentheideaofshippingcontainersgainedtractionandrecognitioninthemarketplace.Bytheendofthe1960s,McLeansoldhisempireforroughly$160million.Later,theInternationalMaritimeHallofFamevotedhimastheir“ManoftheCentury.”;6Itisnoexaggerationtosaythattheshippingcontainercreatedthemodernglobalsupplychain.In1980,containerscarriedabout102millionmetrictonsofgoods.In2017,thatnumberhadincreasedbyafactorofeighteen,to1.83billionmetrictons.

ThenandNow:BeforetheShippingContainer

7BeforeMcLean’sinvention,freighttravelingbyseawasgenerallyloadedinindividuallycountedunits(i.e.fivebarrelsofwine,twentycasesofapples,etc.).Thiswasreferredtoasbreakbulkcargo.Itresultedinlengthycargomanifestsandadditionalbusyworkforportofficials,whohadtoindividuallytrackallthoseitems.;8Goodshadtobeputthroughaseriesofpick-upsandloadsfromfactorytovessel.Thentheywentfromvesseltowarehouse,fromwarehousetotruck,andsoon.Allthistransferringofcargomadeshippingitemscostly,unreliableandtime-consuming.

9Sometimes,loadingandunloadingasingleshipcou