新世纪（修订版）写作教程（第3版）第3册 PPT课件写作教程3 PPT Unit 11.pptx

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新世纪（修订版）写作教程（第3版）第3册 PPT课件写作教程3 PPT Unit 11.pptx

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写作教程3“十二五”普通高等教育本科国家级规划教材”新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）第3版Unit11CohesiveDevices(1):LogicalandGrammaticalCohesion

IntroductionAwell-writtenessayiscoherent.Thatis,anessayneedsaneffectivedesigntostickdifferentpartsofanessaytogether,sothatreaderscanmovelogicallyfromonethoughttothenext,seeingaclearrelationshipamongtheideas.Toensurethesmoothandcoherenttransitionbetweendifferentparts,anexplicitsetofcohesivedevicesareneeded.Inthissense,cohesionisthetiesthatmakecoherencepossible.Forexample,ifwesaythatcoherenceisthelayoutoftherooms,thencohesionisthenails,joists,andstudsthatkeepthecoherenceintact.Threecohesivedevicesaremainlyemployedbywriterstohelpreadersfollowtheirtrainofthoughtfromoneparagraphtothenextandfromonesentencetothenextwithinparagraphs:grammaticalcohesion,logicalconnectorandlexicalcohesion.Inthisunit,wearegoingtodiscusstwotypesofcohesivedevices:logicalconnectorsandgrammaticalcohesion.2

QA01QuestionWhyshouldwordsbecraftedinsteadofsprayedinwriting?WhatisNormanCousinsemphasizing?NormanCousinsisemphasizingprecisewordselectionandarrangementinwriting.Craftingwordswithcareensuresclarityandimpact,whilesprayingthemhaphazardlyleadstoconfusion.Hehighlightstheimportanceofthoughtfulexpressiontoconveymeaningaccuratelyandpowerfullyinwrittencommunication.3Wordshavetobecrafted,notsprayed.Theyneedtobefittedtogetherwithinfinitecare.NormanCousins(1915-1990)Referenceanswer

QA02QuestionWhydoyouthinkPorterappliestheapprenticeshipmodeltotheprocessofbecomingproficientinwriting?Proficiencyinwritingdemandssystematiclearninganddeliberatepractice,akintoanapprenticeshipformasteringothercomplexcrafts.4ReferenceanswerMostpeoplewon’trealizethatwritingisacraft.Youhavetotakeyourapprenticeshipinitlikeanythingelse.Katherine