2010-2024历年浙江省衢州二中高三下第三次综合练习（三模）英语试卷（带解析） .docxVIP

2010-2024历年浙江省衢州二中高三下第三次综合练习（三模）英语试卷（带解析）

第1卷

一.参考题库(共25题)

1.Moreandmorepeopletakepartinmarathonsthesedays–over30,000peoplewillruntheLondonMarathonthisweekend,forinstance.Butit’snotjustthe26milesand385yardsthatcouldbeadauntingprospect.“Ihavetoadmittobeingcompletelyfrustratedbytheblockingandfor18-19mileswasjustkeepingawayfrompeopleandbeingheldup,”oneparticipantgrumbledafterthe2012LondonMarathon.“Ihadtoovertakealotofpeopleandendedupwithbruised（淤肿的）forearmsfromalltheelbows,”saidanother.

Howdosuchcrowdingproblemsarise,andcouldtheybereduced?Someresearchersbelievethatwecanfindtheanswersthroughamorefamiliarsysteminwhichjamsappear–roadtrafficflow.MartinTreiber,oftheTechnicalUniversityofDresdeninGermany,haspreviouslydevelopedmodelsfortrafficflow.Oneofthefirstattemptstomodeltrafficflowwasmadeinthe1950sbyJamesLighthillandhiscollaboratorGerardWhithamofManchesterUniversity.Theyconsideredthetrafficasakindofliquidflowingdownapipe,andlookedathowtheflowchangesasthefluidgetsdenser(浓稠).Atfirsttheflowrateincreasesasthedensityincreases,sinceyousimplygetmorestuffthroughinthesameperiodoftime.Butifthedensitybecomestoohigh,there’sariskofjams,andtheflowratedropssharply.

Treiber’smodelofamarathonusesthissameprinciplethattheflowratefirstincreasesandthendecreasesasthedensityofrunnersincreases,thankstoansuddenswitchfromfreetocrowdedflow.Heassumesthatthereisarangeofdifferentpreferredspeedsfordifferentrunners,whicheachmaintainsthroughouttherace.Withjustthesefactors,Treibercancalculatetheflowrateofrunners,knowingthe“carryingcapacity”(承载能力)ateachpointontheroute.

ThisallowsTreibertofigureouthowblockingmightdependontheraceconditions–forexample,fordifferentstartingprocedures.Somema