《测绘专业英语》课件——14-Least-Squares adjustment(2).pptxVIP

2.4Theleast-Squaresadjustment主讲人：LiSimengtheknowledgeoftheleast-Squaresadjustmentthesentenceanalysis

01WhatIsGeomaticsCONTENTS目录

PARTONEWhatIsGeomatics01

WhatIsGeomaticsMathematicalModel数学模型AdjustmentMethods调整方法(1)theknowledgeoftheleast-Squaresadjustment

WhatIsGeomatics(1)theknowledgeoftheleast-SquaresadjustmentMathematicalModelAfunctionalmodeldescribesthegeometricorphysicalcharacteristicsofthesurveyproblem.Inadjustmentcomputationsafunctionalmodelisanequationthatrepresentsordefinesanadjustmentcondition,Itmusteitherbeknown,orassumed.

WhatIsGeomatics(1)theknowledgeoftheleast-SquaresadjustmentThedeterminationofvariances,andsubsequentlytheweightsoftheobservations,isknownasthestochasticmodelinaleast-squaresadjustmentwhichdescribesthestatisticalpropertiesofalltheelementsorrepresentsawaytoenterinformationabouttheprecisionoftheobservationsinvolvedinthefunctionalmodel.Theimportanceofthestochasticmodelisoftenoverlookedandundervalued.

WhatIsGeomatics(1)theknowledgeoftheleast-SquaresadjustmentAdjustmentMethodsTherearetwoadjustmentmethods:theconditionalandparametricadjustments.Conditionaladjustment：

WhatIsGeomatics(1)theknowledgeoftheleast-SquaresadjustmentIntheconditionaladjustment,geometricconditionsareenforced,upontheobservationsandtheirresiduals,Sotheconditionaladjustmentiscalleddirectadjustment.Examplesofconditionaladjustmentare:(1)thesumofanglesinapolygonis(n-2)·180°,wherenisthenumberofanglesinthepolygon;(2)thesumoftheanglesinthehorizonatanystationequals360°;(3)inaclosedtraverse,thealgebraicsumofthedeparturesshouldequalthedifferencebetweentheXcoordinatesatthebeginningandtheendingstationsofthetraverse,similarly,thealgebraicsumofthelatitudesshouldequalthedifferencebetweentheYcoordinatesatthebeginningand