哮喘双语版五批fourbugs.pdfVIP

Asthma

哮喘

Fourgoodbugs

四种有益菌

Certainbacteriaprotectagainstadiseasethatisa

growingthreat

特定微生物可以保护人类免受一种日益严重的疾病的威胁

CANyouooclean?Thatisthequestionposedbythehygiene

hypothesis,whichseekstoexplainwhy,asmanyillnesseshave

becomerarerinrichcountries,somehavebecomemorecommon.

Thehygienehypothesispositsthattheriseofseveralofthese

diseases,includingasthma,eczemaandtype-1diaes(allof

whichseemassociatedwithmalfunctionsoftheimmunesystem),

hasbeencausedbyimprovementsinhygieneofthesortthathave

helpedgetridofotherillnesseactlyhowthatmighthappenis

unclear.ButattheAAASmeetingBrettFinlayoftheUniversityof

BritishColumbia,inVancouver,persuasivelyfilledinsomeofthe

blanksinthecaseofasthma.

你能有多干净？这是“卫生假说”提出的问题。这种假说试图解释为

什么一些疾病在发达国家变得稀有的同时另一些疾病却变得更加普

遍。“卫生假说”认为，随着卫生条件的改善，人们逐渐摆脱了其他

疾病，但这同时也引起了另一些些疾病的兴起，包括哮喘、湿疹和I

型糖尿病（似乎都与免疫功能障碍有关）。发生这种情况的详细原

因尚不清楚，但在温哥华举办的AAAS会议上，不列颠哥伦比亚大

学的布雷特·芬利，有说服力地填充了哮喘病领域的一些空白。

Asthmaiscausedbychronicinfltionoftheairways,and

infltionisanimmuneresponse.Thethinkingbehindthe

hygienehypothesisisthatalackofexposuretoparasitesand

pathogensinwhathasbecomeanunnaturallycleanenvironment

meansachild’simmunesystemdoesnotdevelopappropriately.

Evidencethatasthmaisaconsequenceofovercleanliness

includesthefactsthatfarm-raisedchildrenarelesspronetoit

thancity-raisedones(farmsarefullofbacteriaandothercritters

thatprovokeimmuneresponses),thatthosebornbyCaesarean

sectionaremorepronethanothers(theydonotreceiveaninitial

bacterialinoculationfrommaternalfaecesandvaginalfluids),and

thatthosetreatedwithantibioticsasbabiesarealsomoreprone.

Dr.Finlaythereforewonderedifhecouldfindbacteriawhichmight