广播新闻告说2014uks增长率为2 economics济学.pdfVIP

BBCNEWS(2015)reportsthatin2014,theUK’seconomygrowthwas2.8%,which

washigherthaninitiallyexpected.Adonissuggeststhatthereisimbalancedgrowth

regionally,whichisfocusedonLondonandtheSouth,whiletheMidlandsandthe

Northgrowmoreslowly(2014;p14).Thisessayisgoingtointroducetheeconomic

growthandanalysewhetherthenationalgrowthrateisreflectedwithintheregions.

Therewillhreeparts.Firstly,economicgrowthwillbeidentifiedbothintheshort

andlongrun.Secondly,essaywillprovidethetrendsofgrowthinUKinrecentyears

andanalysethedifferencesweenthenationalandregionalgrowthrates.Inthe

finalpart,thepossiblepolicieswillbeevaluatedwithexamplesincludingboth

demandsideandsupplyside.

Economicgrowthisdefinedas‘therateofchangeofrealincomeorrealoutput’

(Begg;2009;p182),whichisusuallymeasured‘intermsofthepercentagechangein

grossdomesticproduct(GDP)orGDPpercapitacomparedtotheyearbefore’

(Gillespie;2014;p423).Economicgrowthisalwaysrelatedtoahigherstandardof

living,andthat’swhygovernmentconcentratesonthisandneedtoreducethe

imbalancewithinregions.

Economicgrowthcanbedistinguishedweenactualandpotentialgrowth.

Gillespie(2014;p423)definesactualgrowthas‘therateatwhichtheeconomyis

actuallygrowingoveragivenperiod’,anditismeasuredby‘thepercentageannual

increaseinnationaloutputactuallyproduced’(Sloman;2006;p377).Gillespie(2014;

p423)suggeststhatactualgrowthwillbecausedbyanincreaseinaggregatedemand

orthereductionofinefficienciesinthemarketsforfactorsofproductionthatmakeit

easiertoreallocatweenindustries.Thesevariationsareknownasthebusiness

cycle.

Businesscycleisthe‘periodicfluctuationsofnationaloutputrounditslong-term

trend’(Sloman;2006;p379).AnddifferencweentheequilibriumGDPandthe