价值流映射-价值流可视化分析.pdfVIP

ValueStrep-Visualmapofthevaluestreamcreatedtoshowtheflowofmaterialsand

information.ValuestrepshavebeenwidelyusedasacentralcomponentoftheToyota

ProductionSystem.Theyincludeinformationontakttime(demandrate),inventorylevels,changeover

times,andmanpower.ThegoalofValueStreppingistoidentifytheprimaryprocessstepsand

activitiesthatrequireprocessimprovement.

TaktTime-Thetimeitshouldtaketoproduceoneunitifproductionismatchedtodemand.Takttime=

netavailableproductiontime(afterbreaks)perperioddividedbyaveragecustomerdemandduringthat

sameperiod.

LittLaw-LittLawisanequationthatexpressestherelationshipweenprocessingspeed,the

levelofwork-in-processinventory,andprocesscycletime.Theequationstates:CycleTime=Items-In-

Process/ThroughputVolumePerUnitofTime

QuickChangeover-Methodologyusedtoreducethetimetoexecuteprocessset-upsrequiredwhen

changingweendifferentproductsorservices.Leansystemsachievelowerinventorylevelsthrough

smalllotsizes,whichinturnrequireQuickChangeovers.SeealsoSMED.

Kanban-Cardusedbyadownstreamoperationtocommunicatetoanupstreamoperationtheneedfor

additionalinventory.ThenumberofKanbancards,togetherwiththequantityindicatedonthecards,is

usedtocontroltheamountofwork-in-processinventory.

PullScheduling-Systemwhereinventoriesofdownstreamoperationsarereplenishedbypullingwork-

in-processinventoryondemandfromupstreamoperationsasthedownstreamoperationhausttheir

inventories.SeealsoJust-In-Time.

Error-Proofing-Error-proofingreferstotheimplementationoffail-safemechanismstopreventa

processfromproducingdefects.ThisactivityisalsoknowbytheJapanesetermpoka-yoke,frompoka

(inadvertenterrors)andyokeru(toavoid)-pronouncedPOH-kuhYOH-kay.Althoughthiscomm