微积分英文版3.pptVIP

2.9DifferentialsApproximationsdxisthedifferentialofx,graphicallyitisthechangeinthexofthetangenttothecurve(dy/dx)dyisthedifferentialofy,graphicallyiscorrespondstothechangeintheyofthetangenttothecurve(dy/dx)微分在近似计算中的应用当很小时,使用原则:得近似等式:机动目录上页下页返回结束当很小时,常用近似公式:很小)证明:令得机动目录上页下页返回结束的近似值.解:例.计算机动目录上页下页返回结束*运行时,点击照片可显示牛顿,莱布尼兹的简介,并自动返回.不点击则不显示.*化简例.求证证:类似可证:机动目录上页下页返回结束Derivativesofsec(x),csc(x)andcot(x)Allarefoundbyapplyingtheproductand/orquotientrulesandusingknownderivativesofsin(x)andcos(x).2.5TheChainRule复合函数求导法则Foracompositefunction,itsderivativeisfoundbytakingthederivativeoftheouterfunction,withrespecttotheinnerfunction,timesthederivativeoftheinnerfunctionwithrespecttox.Ifthecompositionconsistsof3ormorefunctions,continuetotakethederivativeofthenextinnerfunction,withrespecttothefunctionwithinit,until,finally,thederivativeistakenwithrespecttox.在点x可导,复合函数求导法则定理3.在点可导复合函数且在点x可导,证:在点u可导,故（当时)故有机动目录上页下页返回结束求下列函数的导数例如,关键:搞清复合函数结构,由外向内逐层求导.推广：此法则可推广到多个中间变量的情形.机动目录上页下页返回结束例.求解:例.设解:求机动目录上页下页返回结束例.求解:关键:搞清复合函数结构由外向内逐层求导机动目录上页下页返回结束例.设求解:机动目录上页下页返回结束Findthederivative(notethisisthecompositionof3functions,thereforetherewillbe3“pieces”tothechain.)3.7Higher-OrderDerivativesf’’=2ndderivative

f’’’=3rdderivative

f’’’’=4thderivative,etc…The2ndderivativeisthederivativeofthe1stderivative.The3rdderivativeisthederivativeofthe2ndderivative,etc.定义.若函数的导数可导,或即或类似地,二阶导数的导数称为三阶导数,阶导数的导数称为n阶导数,或的二阶导数,记作的导数为依次类推,分别记作则称机动目录上页下页返回结束Velocityisthederivativeofdistancewithrespecttotime(1stde