A2 Physics 物理 出国英语Vectors QP.docxVIP

A2Physics物理出国英语VectorsQP

1.Aforceof5Nactshorizontallyonanobject,andanotherforceof3Nactsatanangleof60°tothehorizontal.Determinetheresultantforceactingontheobject.

First,resolvethe3Nforceintohorizontalandverticalcomponents.

Thehorizontalcomponentofthe3Nforce,(F_{x2}=3cos60^{circ}=3timesfrac{1}{2}=1.5N).

Theverticalcomponentofthe3Nforce,(F_{y2}=3sin60^{circ}=3timesfrac{sqrt{3}}{2}approx2.6N).

Thetotalhorizontalforce,(F_x=5+1.5=6.5N).

Thetotalverticalforce,(F_y=2.6N).

Then,findthemagnitudeoftheresultantforce(R)usingthePythagoreantheorem:(R=sqrt{F_x^{2}+F_y^{2}}=sqrt{6.5^{2}+2.6^{2}}=sqrt{42.25+6.76}=sqrt{49.01}approx7N).

Tofindthedirection(theta)oftheresultantforcerelativetothehorizontal,(tantheta=frac{F_y}{F_x}=frac{2.6}{6.5}=0.4),so(theta=arctan(0.4)approx22^{circ}).

2.Twovectors(vec{A})and(vec{B})havemagnitudesof8unitsand6unitsrespectively.Iftheanglebetweenthemis90°,findthemagnitudeanddirectionoftheirresultantvector(vec{R}).

UsingthePythagoreantheoremforperpendicularvectors:(R=sqrt{A^{2}+B^{2}}).

Substitute(A=8)and(B=6),then(R=sqrt{8^{2}+6^{2}}=sqrt{64+36}=sqrt{100}=10)units.

Forthedirection(theta)of(vec{R})relativeto(vec{A}),(tantheta=frac{B}{A}=frac{6}{8}=0.75),so(theta=arctan(0.75)approx37^{circ}).

3.Aboatismovingwithavelocityof10m/sdueeastrelativetothewater.Thewaterisflowingwithavelocityof5m/sduenorth.Whatistheresultantvelocityoftheboatrelativetotheshore?

Letthevelocityoftheboatrelativetothewater(vec{v}_{bw}=10hat{i}m/s)(where(hat{i})istheunitvectorintheeastdirection)andthevelocityofthewaterrelativetotheshore(vec{v}_{ws}=5hat{j}m/s)(where(hat{j})istheunitvectorinthenorthdirection).

Theresultantvelocityoftheboatrelativetotheshore(vec{v}_{b