A2 Physics 物理 出国英语Work, Energy and Power MS.docxVIP

A2Physics物理出国英语Work,EnergyandPowerMS

1.WorkDonebyaConstantForce

Question:Aforceof20Nisappliedtomoveanobjectadistanceof5minthedirectionoftheforce.Whatistheworkdone?

Answer:Theworkdone(W)byaconstantforce(F)overadisplacement(s)isgivenby(W=Fscostheta),where(theta)istheanglebetweentheforceandthedisplacement.Sincetheforceanddisplacementareinthesamedirection,(theta=0^{circ})and(costheta=1).So,(W=(20N)times(5m)times1=100J).

2.WorkDoneAgainstGravity

Question:Apersonliftsa5kgboxverticallyupwardsthroughaheightof2m.Howmuchworkisdoneagainstgravity?

Answer:Theforceduetogravityontheboxis(F=mg),where(m=5kg)and(g=9.8m/s^{2}).So,(F=(5kg)times(9.8m/s^{2})=49N).Theworkdoneagainstgravity(W)inliftingtheboxthroughaheight(h=2m)is(W=Fh=(49N)times(2m)=98J).

3.WorkEnergyTheoremforaSingleObject

Question:A2kgobjectinitiallyatrestisacteduponbyanetforceof10N.Theobjectmovesadistanceof3m.Whatisthefinalkineticenergyoftheobject?

Answer:Accordingtotheworkenergytheorem,thenetworkdoneonanobjectisequaltothechangeinitskineticenergy,(W=DeltaK=K_fK_i).Sincetheobjectisinitiallyatrest,(K_i=0).Theworkdonebythenetforce(W=Fs=(10N)times(3m)=30J).So,thefinalkineticenergy(K_f=30J).

4.ElasticPotentialEnergyinaSpring

Question:Aspringwithaspringconstant(k=200N/m)iscompressedby0.1m.Whatistheelasticpotentialenergystoredinthespring?

Answer:Theelasticpotentialenergyofaspringisgivenby(E_{p}=frac{1}{2}kx^{2}),where(k)isthespringconstantand(x)isthedisplacementfromtheequilibriumposition.Substituting(k=200N/m)and(x=0.1m),weget(E_{p}=frac{1}{2}times(200N/m)times(0.1m)^{2}=1J).

5.PowerCalculation

Question:Amachinedoes500Jofworkin10s.W