A2 Physics 物理 出国英语Vectors MS.docxVIP

A2Physics物理出国英语VectorsMS

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutvectorsiscorrect?

Answer:Avectorhasbothmagnitudeanddirection.Forexample,velocityisavectorquantityasitnotonlytellshowfastanobjectismoving(magnitude)butalsoinwhichdirectiontheobjectismoving.Incontrast,scalarquantitieslikespeedonlyhavemagnitude.

2.Ifavector(vec{A})hasamagnitudeof5unitsandisdirectedalongthepositivexaxis,andanothervector(vec{B})hasamagnitudeof3unitsandisdirectedalongthenegativexaxis,whatistheresultantvector(vec{R}=vec{A}+vec{B})?

Answer:Sincethevectorsarealongthesame(x)axis,wecandirectlyaddtheirmagnitudesconsideringthedirections.(vec{A})hasamagnitudeof(A=5)inthepositivexdirectionand(vec{B})hasamagnitudeof(B=3)inthenegativexdirection.Theresultantvector(vec{R})hasamagnitude(R=AB=53=2)units,anditisdirectedalongthepositivexaxis.

3.Avector(vec{P})makesanangleof(30^{circ})withthepositivexaxis.Ifitsmagnitudeis10units,whatareitsxandycomponents?

Answer:Thexcomponentofavector(vec{P})withmagnitude(P)andangle(theta)withthepositivexaxisisgivenby(P_x=Pcostheta)andtheycomponentisgivenby(P_y=Psintheta).Here,(P=10)and(theta=30^{circ}).So,(P_x=10cos30^{circ}=10timesfrac{sqrt{3}}{2}=5sqrt{3})unitsand(P_y=10sin30^{circ}=10timesfrac{1}{2}=5)units.

4.Twovectors(vec{M})and(vec{N})aresuchthat(vec{M})hasamagnitudeof4unitsandisdirectedatanangleof(45^{circ})withthepositivexaxis,and(vec{N})hasamagnitudeof3unitsandisdirectedatanangleof(135^{circ})withthepositivexaxis.Findtheresultantvector(vec{S}=vec{M}+vec{N})incomponentform.

Answer:First,findthecomponentsof(vec{M})and(vec{N}).For(vec{M})with(M=4)and(theta_M=45^{circ}),(M_x=4cos45^{circ}=4timesfrac{sqrt{2}}{2}=2sqrt{2})and(M_y=4sin45^{circ}=2sqrt{2