细胞分裂阶段及微管聚合机制研究.pdfVIP

1.Whatarethephasesofmitosisandwhatmajorevent(s)areoccurring

ineach?OK

(1)Prophase

1.Chromosomalmaterialcondensestoformcompactmitotic

chromosomes→composedoftwochromatidsattachedtogetheratthecentromere

2.cytoskeletonisdisassembledandmitoticspindleisassembled

3.GolgicomplexandERfragment;Nuclearenvelopdisperses

(2)Prometaphase

1.chromosomalMTattachtokinetochoresofchromosomes

2.chromosomesaremovedtospindleequator

(3)Metaphase

chromosomesarealignedalongmetaphasete,attachedbychromosomalMTto

bothpo.

(4)Anaphase

1.centromeressplitandchromatidsseparate

2.chromosomesmovetooppositespindlepo

3.spindlepomovefartherapart

(4)Telophase

1.chromosomesclusteratoppositespindlepo

2.chromosomesbecomedispersed

3.nuclearenvelopeassembaroundchromosomeclusters

4.GolgicomplexandERreforms

5.daughtercellsformedbycytokinesis

2.HowdoMTpolymerize?Describethisprocessandthenecessary

componentsOK

(1)MTsaregenerallynucleatedfromthespecificintracellularlocation

MTOC

ThecentrosomeisthemajorMTOCofanimalcells;

AndMTsarenucleatedattheirminusend,withtheplusendgrowingoutward

fromeachMTOCtocreatevarioustypesofMTarrays

Asfreetubulinsubunitsaresequesteredbystathmin(eachmoleculebinds

twotubulinαβ-heterodimers),thepooloffreetubulinsubunitsshrinks,

whichresultsintheadditionoftubulinsubunitstoMTsstops.

Someproteins,suchasMAP2andTaubindalongthesidesofMTtostabilize

them.

(2)Necessarycomponents:

*r-tubulinringcomplex(r-TuRC),serveasatemtethatnucleatesaMT

with13protofilaments.Itisapairofproteinsboundtotwomolecu