人教版暑期衔接专题有理数减法教学要点与方法.pdfVIP

PeoplesEducationPressSummerHolidayElementarySchool

MathematicsTransmissionKnowledgeLectures

Topic08SubtractionofRational

Numbers

教学目标

1.Understandandmasterthesubtractionruofrationalnumbers,andconvertthesubtractionoperationsofrational）

numbersintoadditionoperations.(keypoints,difficulties

2.Byconvertingsubtractionoperationsofrationalnumbersintoadditionoperations,infiltratetheideas

andcultivateoperationalcapabilities.

新课导入

e

课堂引入

HaveyouheardofHudukou,anationalforest

park?

已为－

Canyoulistthetemperaturedifferenceweenthetemperatureonthe

mountainandthetemperaturebelowthemountain?

KnowledgePoint01:SubtractionRuof

RationalNumbers

Question1:Canyoutellfromthethermometerhowmuch

Celsiusishigherthan-5°C?Howdoesitrepresentitusingt

heformula?

Question2:5+(+5)=?

结论：由上面两个式子我们不难得出：5―

(―5)=5+(+5)

问题3：用上面的方法考虑：

思考：这些数减−3的结果与它们加+3的结果相同吗？

通过上面的探究可得结论

Conclusion:Fromtheabovetwoformulas,wearenot

difficulttodraw:

5―(―5)=5+(+5)

Question3:Considerusingtheabove

method:

Thinking:Aretheresultsofminus−3inthesenumbersthesameastheir

resultsofadding+3?

Throughtheaboveexploration,

wecandrawconclusions

例：计算

解：(1)(－3)―(―5)=(－3)+5=2

(2)0－7=0+(－7)=－7

(3)7.2―(―4.8)=7.2+4.8=12

知识点02：有理数减法的应用

例：计算

Solution:(1)(-3)―(―5)=(-3)+5=2

(2)0-7=0+(-7)=-7

(3)7.2-(—4.8)=7.2+4.8=12

KnowledgePoint02:Applicationof

rationalnumbersubtraction

例：世界上最高的山峰是珠穆朗玛峰，其海拔高度是8844米，吐鲁

番盆地的海拔高度