组织学与胚胎学胚胎学.pptVIP

组织学与胚胎学胚胎学演示文稿;（优选）组织学与胚胎学胚胎学;体蒂;(2)Theamnioticcavitydevelopswithintheepiblast

;(3)Theformationoftheyolksac（卵黄囊形成）

;下胚层形成次级卵黄囊;(4)Thehypoblastgivesrisetotheextraembryonicendodermthatlinestheprimaryyolksac

(5)Thechorioniccavityisproducedinconjunctionwiththedevelopmentoftheextraembryonicmesoderm

(6)Thedefinitiveyolksacisformedbyanewwaveofcellsthatmigratefromthehypoblastanddisplaceheuser’smembrane;2、三胚层的形成(第3周）

(1)Theprimitivestreakappearsatthebeginningofthethirdweek(原条的出现,3w)

原条primitivestreak

原结primitivenode

原凹primitivepit

原沟primitivegroove;两胚层胚盘背面观;口咽膜;Significance：

Theappearanceoftheprimitivestreakestablishesthelongitudinalaxisandthusthebilateralsymmetryofthefutureadultanddecideembryoorientation

1.确定了中轴

2.确定头尾方向

3.是胚体的组织中心;(2)Thedefinitiveendoderm（内胚层）andintraembryonicmesoderm（胚内中胚层）formthroughtheprimitivestreak

;theectoderm外胚层;Theprimitivestreakretreatsanddisappears,andthecaudaleminencegivesrisetocaudalstructuresofthebody.（15-26day）

Themechanicsofgastrulationarenotwellunderstood

Thefateofgastrulationepiblastcellscanbepredictedfromtheirsiteoforigin.

Studymethod:Celltracingandcelllineage（细胞系）studies;(3)Thenotochord(脊索)isproducedbycellsthatingressthroughtheprimitivenode

;Primitivepot(原结）TheNotochordalprocess（脊索突）thenotochordalplate（脊索板）thenotochord

（脊索)

;意义：决定胚体中轴

诱导外胚层形成神经板

椎间盘中髓核。

Theultimatefateofthenotochordisdebated.

Mesodermisexcludedfromthebuccopharyngealandcloacalmembrances.

;小结：胚胎发育：第一周：植入

第二周：二胚层

第三周：三胚层;四、三胚层的分化;Meningohydroencephalocele(脑积水脑膜脑突出）

Thisanomalymayformthroughdefectiveossificationoftheoccipitalboneandprobablyisnotaconsequenceofdefectiveclosureoftheneuraltube.;Headlessmice.Thedevelopmentandmaintenanceofthe“headorganizingcenter”requirestheex